第3073期:Heat, humidity and the World Cup

Fans have been gathering across the US, Canada and Mexico, as well as the world's TV screens, to watch the 2026 men's football World Cup kick off. However, experts have been increasingly worried about the effect of summer heat and humidity on the competing players. High levels of both have been predicted for a number of the tournament venues.球迷们聚集在美国、加拿大和墨西哥以及世界各地的电视屏幕上，观看 2026 年男足世界杯的开赛。 然而，专家们越来越担心夏季炎热和潮湿对参赛选手的影响。 预计许多比赛场馆的这两项指标都将达到高水平。Previous competitions held in similar conditions have caused difficulties for players and officials. Assistant referee Humberto Panjoj collapsed during a Copa America game in Kansas City in 2024. In a game in Miami in the same competition, Uruguayan defender Ronald Araujo was substituted, complaining of dehydration and dizziness. Players also complained about conditions at the 2025 Club World Cup in the US. Both these competitions were played in cities that feature in the 2026 World Cup. Sports Medicine Australia warns of the dangers of heat exhaustion, heatstroke and dehydration from exercising in hot and humid conditions.此前在类似条件下举行的比赛给球员和官员造成了困难。 助理裁判温贝托·潘乔伊 (Humberto Panjoj) 在 2024 年堪萨斯城举行的美洲杯比赛中晕倒。在迈阿密举行的同一场比赛中，乌拉圭后卫罗纳德·阿劳霍 (Ronald Araujo) 因脱水和头晕而被替换下场。 球员们还抱怨 2025 年美国世俱杯的条件。 这两项比赛均在 2026 年世界杯举办城市举行。 澳大利亚运动医学警告说，在炎热和潮湿的环境下运动可能会导致中暑、中暑和脱水的危险。Experts suggest that the key measure to assess risk from heat and humidity is the wet bulb globe temperature. When we sweat, it usually evaporates, cooling us down. Humid conditions make this process less effective. Wet bulb globe temperature is the minimum temperature achieved after water has evaporated. Many experts suggest that heat can be a problem for athletes if the wet bulb globe temperature is above 28C.专家建议，评估湿热风险的关键指标是湿球温度。 当我们出汗时，它通常会蒸发，使我们降温。 潮湿的条件使这个过程的效率降低。 湿球温度是水蒸发后达到的最低温度。 许多专家建议，如果湿球温度高于 28°C，热量可能会给运动员带来问题。14 out of 16 of the World Cup venues have been forecast to have wet bulb globe temperatures above this level during normal summer afternoons. For this reason, many games have been moved to evening kick offs, and cooling breaks have been scheduled. Additionally, some stadiums have roofs and air-conditioning. However, concerns remain around evening games in Miami and Kansas City, which had been predicted to be hot and humid, and the final in New Jersey, which was scheduled for 3pm. Estimates are based on a normal summer. However, the situation would be considerably worse should there be a heatwave.据预测，在 16 个世界杯场馆中，有 14 个场馆的湿球球温度在正常夏季午后将高于这一水平。 因此，许多比赛已移至晚上开球，并安排了休息时间。 此外，一些体育场有屋顶和空调。 然而，人们仍然对迈阿密和堪萨斯城的晚间比赛以及定于下午 3 点在新泽西举行的决赛感到担忧，比赛预计将炎热潮湿。 估算基于正常夏季。 然而，如果出现热浪，情况会更糟。