第85期:要想混得好,就得穿得“骚” - 鸟类的城市穿搭指南 episode artwork

EPISODE · Feb 27, 2026 · 26 MIN

第85期:要想混得好,就得穿得“骚” - 鸟类的城市穿搭指南

from 鸟瘾综合征

最近有研究发现,城市里的鸟类正在悄悄地变得越来越“花哨”。一项覆盖了全球39个城市的研究指出,在城市里更成功的鸟类,往往拥有更复杂、更鲜艳的羽色。这是因为鸟类为适应人类环境所经历的“色彩筛选”。这种筛选主要和羽毛的三大功能在城市中的变化有关:在生理上更“扛造”:黑色、深灰色羽毛富含黑色素,能帮助鸟类抵抗紫外线、吸附污染毒素,并增强羽毛的耐磨性。黑衣人的装扮能让乌鸫、乌鸦这些黑色系的鸟在城市污染和硬质环境里如鱼得水。“新款”的伪装:在野外,棕色是鸟类的保护色。可是在以水泥灰、沥青黑为主调的城市背景下,棕色就成了“显眼包”,而深色系却能更好融入。同时,城市里像是大老鹰这样的天敌减少,页降低了鲜艳颜色的生存风险。信号传递和食物获取:城市灯光可能改变了色彩信号的传递,从另外一个方面来说,依赖食物获取的红色还有黄色(来自类胡萝卜素)鸟类却在城市中面临挑战,因为园林植物和昆虫的减少让它们的“墨水儿”不够用了。于是,城市里就形成了独特的“黑化”趋势:善于解毒、耐磨的深色系(黑、灰、蓝)成为赢家,而依赖特定食物的红黄色系及依赖地面隐藏的棕色系则面临压力。当然了,城市也不是色彩单一的牢笼。公园、湿地和湖泊就为不同颜色的鸟类提供了栖息地。鸟类的色彩变化就像是一面镜子,能够反映出城市生态的健康状态。通过增加自然植被、减少污染和干扰,我们完全可以让城市的天空,飞舞起更多样的色彩。图片源自华南师范大学何杰坤老师的讲座鸟眼和人眼的对比鸟眼和人眼的对比参考文献Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Delhey K, Izquierdo L, Valcu M, Kempenaers B(2025). Colourful urban birds: Bird species successful in urban environments have more elaborate colours and less brown. Ecology Letters.Lucas M. Leveau(2024). Bird species present in urban parks are more colorful than urban avoiders: A test in the Argentinian Pampas. Avian Research.Leveau, L. (2021). United colours of the city: A review about urbanisation impact on animal colours. Austral Ecology.Turak, Neyla & Monnier-Corbel, Alice & Gouret, Mélanie & Frantz, Adrien. (2022). Urbanization shapes the relation between density and melanin‐based colouration in bird communities. Oikos.BGM片头:Colors - Black Pumas 2019片尾:永远不回头 - 《飞驰人生3》

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第85期:要想混得好,就得穿得“骚” - 鸟类的城市穿搭指南

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