Dr. Rebecca Windsor discusses her clinical trial to improve outcomes for Pug Dog Encephalitis.

As cute as Pugs are, they are susceptible to a brain disorder with unknown causes called encephalitis. This neurological disease is only found in Pugs and can be fatal. Find out the warning signs for encephalitis here. The adorable wrinkly Pug makes a wonderful family pet, but unfortunately, some of these dogs fall victim to a neurological disease called Pug dog encephalitis (PDE). Encephalitis refers to an inflammation of the brain tissues that causes pain, seizures, and ultimately death. Read on to learn about the causes and symptoms of this serious condition. Causes of Pug Dog Encephalitis Unlike other forms of encephalitis that can be linked to infections, PDE is unique in that it is idiopathic, meaning that the cause is not known. However, because it tends to strike Pugs who are closely related (e.g., littermates), many veterinarians suspect that it is hereditary and immune-mediated. Immune-mediated diseases are those characterized by an abnormal immune response in which the body's immune system is tricked into seeing normal tissues as dangerous, and then attacks them. In the case of PDE, the immune system would attack the brain. Regardless of this widespread theory, there is still no definitive answer for what causes Pug dog encephalitis. PDE usually strikes pugs between 2 and 3 years of age, though it can be seen in Pugs as young as 6 months old and as old as 7 years. Symptoms of Pug Dog Encephalitis Because PDE affects the brain, most of the symptoms are neurological, and include: Behavioral changes Seizures Neck stiffness Head tilt Pressing head against walls or objects Disorientation or confusion Loss of coordination Walking in circles Depression Lethargy Weakness Blindness In many cases, the symptoms of PDE will progress rapidly (in a matter of days or weeks) and result in sudden death, usually due to a seizure. In other cases, a Pug may be able to live a while longer with the help of anticonvulsant drugs to control seizures. Ultimately, all affected Pugs will succumb to the disease, usually within months after the onset of symptoms. When to Seek Help for PDE You should contact your veterinarian at the first appearance of symptoms. Because PDE is not the only cause of seizures in Pugs, your dog will likely be examined for other diseases such as epilepsy, intracranial tumor, and poisoning. If PDE is found, supportive treatment will be started immediately. To learn more about the study, please contact Dr. Rebecca Windsor at [email protected]. Please visit Ethos website.