E31 为了给地球降温,人类都在忙些什么? episode artwork

EPISODE · Jun 19, 2026 · 1H 22M

E31 为了给地球降温,人类都在忙些什么?

from 碳基生物生存指南

在一次又一次刷新“史上最热夏天”之后,你会不会感到困惑,明明全球升温才1-2度,但为什么这个夏天和记忆里的夏天,已经热出了质的区别。全球变暖,到底是个啥情况?这也是我的困惑,于是在夏日将至的6月,我翻开了地质学研究论文、能源报告、社会科学研究、电池技术概要...好消息是,清洁能源已经是地球上最便宜的能源获取方式,而也有很多很多的国家,开始以想象速度铺设太阳能板。但坏消息是,我们并不知道,一切是否已经晚了。而藏在这所有报告、数字和文献背后的,是一个非常精彩的、也正在进行的故事。关于气候,关于能源,关于博弈,也关于人性。我想邀请你一起了解,这个既与我们息息相关,但又因为太过宏大,而常常被忽视的命题。【时间轴】00:25 我们的臭氧层,还好吗?04:15 从地球出生以来,气候不是一直在变化吗?现在,哪有什么不同?07:48 升温2度而已,有那么可怕?19:58 节能减排:只有节能,才能减排?23:54 太阳能,来自自然的最便宜的能源27:20 2025年,清洁能源发电量已在百年来首次超越煤炭29:01 现在地球上,到底有多少太阳能?33:04 太阳能,对个体来说是便宜,对国家来说是新的权力结构40:26 可惜太阳能也有排放,也有污染,也有问题53:06 是全球变热不是变暖,是气候危机不是变化54:08 请查收你的个性化气候危机推送57:22 公开碳排放量排名,你会参与吗?59:20 个人减碳的边际效应 vs 高碳消费的不对等:那飞机,为什么不能电动呢?01:06:33 电池储能技术10101:11:06 我们能靠碳捕获减碳吗?01:12:25 人类啊,不是全能的神。但,我们也创造过奇迹本期节目是由巴斯夫发起的选择可持续的职场路企划系列之一(👈 点击收听更多相关单集)。在这些关于气候与能源的宏大议题背后,其实也有很多具体的人,正在通过材料创新、减碳技术与产业实践,把改变一点点落地。如果你也希望参与其中,寻找一条更有长期意义的职业路径,欢迎加入巴斯夫,在各自的岗位上参与这些变化,成为正在行动中的“变革新力量”。📃 本期播客提到的文献素材传送门:第一部分:从解决“臭氧层空洞”的成功,到正在演进的气候危机针对导致大灭绝的气温变化预估: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25019-2,https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22298-7:“Major mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic can be linked to thresholds in climate change (warming or cooling) that equate to magnitudes >5.2 °C and rates >10 °C/Myr.”,“We show that pCO2 increased from 426 +133/−96 ppmv in the latest Permian to 2507 +4764/−1193 ppmv at the PTME within about 75 kyr”工业化之后二氧化碳浓度变化速率: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11648560/:“The global CO2 growth rate (CGR) in the decade of 2013–2022 averaged 2.42 ± 0.08 ppm yr−1.”第二部分:关于能源,我们已经有了新的叙事机构如何低估太阳能缓解气候变化的潜力: https://www.nature.com/articles/nenergy2017140: “Historically, annual growth of the cumulative installed capacity has varied between 20–72% between 1998 and 2015, corresponding to an average annual growth of 38%. Most scenarios underestimated historical growth by a wide margin…Scenario results often mismatch 2015 real capacity because they are calibrated to older historic data.”2025 全球用电统计 Ember 智库: https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2026/:1.2, 1.3, 1.4 章节: “Solar power increased from 2,143 TWh in 2024 to 2,778 TWh in 2025, a 30% increase and the highest growth rate in eight years despite a much higher base…Over the last ten years, solar grew at an average rate of 27% per year, with the annual growth rate never dropping below 21%.”, “China’s fossil generation falls for first time since 2015 as solar power booms”2025 全球可再生能源发电超越煤炭发电: https://ember-energy.org/latest-updates/solar-surge-halts-fossil-electricity-growth-worldwide-in-2025/: “The rise of clean electricity reached a new turning point in 2025 as clean power sources met all growth in global electricity demand, preventing an increase in fossil generation.”, “Renewables reached 34% of global electricity generation in 2025, overtaking coal’s 33% share for the first time in 100 years. Coal generation fell by 63 TWh globally, its first decline since 2020 and the first time coal dropped below a third of global generation.”巴基斯坦发电量统计 Ember 智库: https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/10/Global-Electricity-Mid-Year-Insights-2025-PDF.pdf 章节 1.2.1 “Among the top 20 largest solar generators in absolute terms, seven countries — Hungary, Greece, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Spain, Australia and Germany — generated 20% or more of their electricity from solar in the first six months of 2025.”, “Pakistan saw the largest increase in share, from 4.4% in H1-2021 to 21.9% in H1-2025.”印度靠太阳能发展 Ember 智库: https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/indias-electrotech-fast-track-where-china-built-on-coal-india-is-building-on-sun/ 图1-5石油危机如何促进电力转型: https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/the-new-twin-fossil-shock/, 图1太阳能发电碳足迹计算: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00439.x,https://docs.nlr.gov/docs/fy24osti/87372.pdf: “Prior to harmonization…an interquartile range (IQR) of 44 to 73.”, “GHG emissions per kWh range from 10-36 g CO2e, which are consistent with or lower than previous results published by NREL and IEA-PVPS”第三部分:减碳进度喜人,但也还远远不够,为什么行动起来这么难?11国关于气候危机多元无知现象研究: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976251335585?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed, 图2, 及 “Contrary to expectations, the public-consensus intervention was largely ineffective, except for a slight increase in willingness to express one’s proclimate opinion (δ = 0.05, 90% CrI = [−0.02, 0.11]). ”社会行为学的减碳有效性研究: 智能电表: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037877881300786X, 个性化信息推送: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1401880112, 公开减排优绩: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0095069614000072第四部分: 储能瓶颈,电池技术目前发展地如何了?飞机飞行造成污染的分类数据: https://ourworldindata.org/breakdown-co2-aviation, “When we break passenger flight emissions down by travel distance, we get a (surprisingly) equal three-way split in emissions between short-haul (less than 1,500 kilometers); medium-haul (1,500 to 4,000 km); and long-haul (greater than 4,000 km) journeys.”宁德时代 钠新电池+双核架构: https://www.catl.com/news/8400.html,https://www.news.cn/finance/20260423/bcf3c59c34a946b592345c9e4852dae2/c.html第五部分:碳捕捉碳捕捉成本预估: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435124000606, “Net removed costs projected at $226–$835/tCO2 for 1 Gt-CO2/year cumulative capacity”其他参考资料本期参考的学者访谈、科普频道包括:Simon Clark, Science Magazine, Bill McKibben, Hannah Ritchie, Dr Ben Miles, Cleo Abram, Howtown, Undecided with Matt Ferrell, Ted-Ed, Vox, DW Planet A, PBS Terra, StarTalk, vlogbrothers延伸阅读:Science 杂志2025年度科学突破颁发给 "可再生能源势不可挡的增长" https://www.science.org/toc/science/390/6779, 全球温室气体排放细分数据(除了能源电力交通,还有农业,建筑,生产等多个行业: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/ghg-emissions-by-sector, 二氧化碳浓度升高导致的气候变化,在停止排放后的1000年内基本不可逆转:https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0812721106, 虽然人类不擅长预测,但其实人类对全球变暖幅度和温度的预测相当准确: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4zul0BuO8A。本期音乐:Pixabay(免版权音乐库)。剪辑素材引用: 01:30 处背景音,取自 UN 1987 年会议记录: https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k15/k15r3i7qr2 ,16:20 处混剪,取自朝闻天下:今年太阳能发电装机规模将首次超过煤电,DW:中国光伏全球第一?,特朗普2025年在联合国大会的发言:Trump urges European countries to stop green energy initiatives,Greta Thunbergs 2019年在联合国气候行动峰会的发言,81:47 联合国秘书长 António Guterres 2018 年发表的重要讲话。小红书账号:梦妮爱读文献 (ID:4196506308)封面设计特别感谢:wow lab(2025 Science 的封面是本期播客封面灵感来源☀️)

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E31 为了给地球降温,人类都在忙些什么?

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This episode is 1 hour and 22 minutes long.

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This episode was published on June 19, 2026.

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在一次又一次刷新“史上最热夏天”之后,你会不会感到困惑,明明全球升温才1-2度,但为什么这个夏天和记忆里的夏天,已经热出了质的区别。全球变暖,到底是个啥情况?这也是我的困惑,于是在夏日将至的6月,我翻开了地质学研究论文、能源报告、社会科学研究、电池技术概要...好消息是,清洁能源已经是地球上最便宜的能源获取方式,而也有很多很多的国家,开始以想象速度铺设太阳能板。但坏消息是,我们并不知道,一切是否已经晚了。而藏在这所有报告、数字和文献背后的,是一个非常精彩的、也正在进行的故事。关于气候,关于能源,...

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