Enforcement’s Generational Effects on U.S.-Citizen Young Adults

Immigration enforcement activities have seen a dramatic increase in the last year, due to the current presidential administration’s policy changes. However, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the federal agency that has been responsible for removals and deportations inside the country, has been in operation since 2003. U.S.-citizen children who witnessed enforcement episodes in their families during the Bush and Obama administrations are now young adults. What are the long-lasting, generational effects of ICE’s actions on these U.S. citizens?