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Episode 18: Reference Counting episode artwork

EPISODE · Jan 24, 2025 · 1H 39M

Episode 18: Reference Counting

from core.py · host Pablo Galindo and Łukasz Langa

After we talked about memory allocation in Python back in Episode 16, we're ready to complain, uh, explain reference counting. Or at least throw a bunch of reference counting facts at you. Plus a big assortment of recent Python changes. You ready? ## Timestamps (00:00:00) INTRO (00:04:17) PART 0: SPORTS NEWS (00:06:53) PART 1: REFERENCE COUNTING (00:08:28) New segment of 2025 (00:13:54) C++ is asymptotic Python (00:15:37) Is Rust game yet? (00:18:01) Names (00:20:25) Breaking the law (00:23:08) sys.getrefcount() (00:25:21) Pedantic Pablo (00:26:06) sys.gettotalrefcount() (00:31:24) TraceRefs (00:33:28) Advantages of refcounting (00:36:16) Disadvantages of refcounting (00:38:40) Reference cycles (00:40:39) Multithreading (00:41:25) When refcounting goes wrong (00:44:05) Freeing memory in Python doesn't return it to the OS (00:45:42) Leaks and cycles redux (00:50:29) Double free (00:53:05) Avoiding reference counting (00:54:59) Immortal objects (01:00:40) PART 2: WHAT'S GOING ON IN CPYTHON (01:02:43) New features (01:04:11) Assorted interesting changes (01:15:23) Performance (01:18:09) Free-threading changes galore (01:27:02) AsyncIO (01:34:25) Windows changes (01:36:45) Security (01:37:20) OUTRO

What this episode covers

After we talked about memory allocation in Python back in Episode 16, we're ready to complain, uh, explain reference counting. Or at least throw a bunch of reference counting facts at you. Plus a big assortment of recent Python changes. You ready? ## Timestamps (00:00:00) INTRO (00:04:17) PART 0: SPORTS NEWS (00:06:53) PART 1: REFERENCE COUNTING (00:08:28) New segment of 2025 (00:13:54) C++ is asymptotic Python (00:15:37) Is Rust game yet? (00:18:01) Names (00:20:25) Breaking the law (00:23:08) sys.getrefcount() (00:25:21) Pedantic Pablo (00:26:06) sys.gettotalrefcount() (00:31:24) TraceRefs (00:33:28) Advantages of refcounting (00:36:16) Disadvantages of refcounting (00:38:40) Reference cycles (00:40:39) Multithreading (00:41:25) When refcounting goes wrong (00:44:05) Freeing memory in Python doesn't return it to the OS (00:45:42) Leaks and cycles redux (00:50:29) Double free (00:53:05) Avoiding reference counting (00:54:59) Immortal objects (01:00:40) PART 2: WHAT'S GOING ON IN CPYTHON (01:02:43) New features (01:04:11) Assorted interesting changes (01:15:23) Performance (01:18:09) Free-threading changes galore (01:27:02) AsyncIO (01:34:25) Windows changes (01:36:45) Security (01:37:20) OUTRO

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This episode was published on January 24, 2025.

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After we talked about memory allocation in Python back in Episode 16, we're ready to complain, uh, explain reference counting. Or at least throw a bunch of reference counting facts at you. Plus a big assortment of recent Python changes. You...

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