Episode 23. Carthage Must Be Destroyed

SOURCE NOTES:Appian, Roman History: The Punic Wars — The fullest surviving ancient narrative of the Third Punic War and the siege of Carthage.Polybius, Histories Book 38 (fragmentary) — The eyewitness account including the scene of Scipio's tears.Richard Miles, Carthage Must Be Destroyed (2010) — The best modern account of the entire Punic Wars arc.Adrian Goldsworthy, The Fall of Carthage (2000) — Excellent on the Third Punic War's military narrative.Dexter Hoyos, Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War (2015) — Comprehensive scholarly treatment.R.T. Ridley, 'To Be Taken with a Pinch of Salt: The Destruction of Carthage,' Classical Philology 81 (1986) — The debunking of the salt myth.W.V. Harris, War and Imperialism in Republican Rome (1979) — Essential for understanding the broader pattern of Roman expansion.