Episode 44: 潘多拉魔盒已打开,追捧医学黑科技也要有底线 episode artwork

EPISODE · Nov 30, 2018 · 27 MIN

Episode 44: 潘多拉魔盒已打开,追捧医学黑科技也要有底线

from What's Next|科技早知道 · host 声动活泼

采访 制作丨徐涛 校对丨秘丛丛 (以下文字只是音频节目的少许补充。「硅谷早知道」每周周五中午12点准时更新,敬请期待。) 詹妮弗·杜德纳(Jennifer Doudna),因为发明基因编辑技术 CRISPR 而受人尊敬。 但她被人所尊敬不仅仅是因为她的贡献。在过去的数年间,她一直在思考基因编辑可能对整个人类社会带来的危害。 2015年,她组织了一次由顶尖生物学家参与的伦理讨论会,在这次会议上,他们签署了一个声明,来说明 CRISPR 技术可能带来的风险和伦理问题,并建议在彻底调查和理解这项技术所能带来的功效和安全性之前,运用于人体的实验都应该被禁止。 此后,她还写了一本书 A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution,来介绍基因编辑技术的巨大变革意义,以及可能给人类这一物种演进所带来的影响。 事实上,在她的影响力下,如何看待基因编辑技术成为了过去两三年在硅谷,甚至范围更大的知识分子群体/精英群体所思考的问题。包括轰动一时的《未来简史》也充满了基因编辑技术对人类物种影响的预想和反思。 在这个世界上,杜德纳、张峰,甚至还有更多科学家,他们是可以成为“基因编辑婴儿之父/母”,只是他们没有这么去做。 很遗憾,这期节目访谈中,我们没过多谈到这一部分,那就是:没有谁比科学家本身更能理解一个技术本身带来的威力,因此科学家在技术伦理问题上的审慎也成为了必要的美德。 在这期节目中,我们分析了用基因技术去编辑胎儿这个实验,何止是没有审慎: 为什么要枉顾 CRISPR 技术才诞生6年,且并不成熟的事实? 为什么要不顾学界的惯例,在没有更充分的数据和准备的情况下,就直接用人类做实验? 为什么这个实验试图解决的问题,是一个其实有其它更容易解决方案的问题? 为什么这个实验的实验对象一定要用胎儿,一种可能会让被编辑基因流入人类基因库的载体? 这个实验除了噱头之外,究竟还有什么技术或者科学发现上的突破? 还有更多问题,可以让更多人反思: 贺建奎这样做的动力出自哪里 为何世界第一例人类胚胎修改,以及第一例基因编辑婴儿都出在中国 伦理审查委员会在起什么作用 本期嘉宾 张璐,硅谷风险投资机构 Fusion Fund 创始合伙人 相关信息 A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution 一位女科学家的两个战场 CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna struggles with the ethical implications of what she has wrought 一位饱受伦理争议,又在和死亡赛跑的创业者

采访 制作丨徐涛 校对丨秘丛丛 (以下文字只是音频节目的少许补充。「硅谷早知道」每周周五中午12点准时更新,敬请期待。) 詹妮弗·杜德纳(Jennifer Doudna),因为发明基因编辑技术 CRISPR 而受人尊敬。 但她被人所尊敬不仅仅是因为她的贡献。在过去的数年间,她一直在思考基因编辑可能对整个人类社会带来的危害。 2015年,她组织了一次由顶尖生物学家参与的伦理讨论会,在这次会议上,他们签署了一个声明,来说明 CRISPR 技术可能带来的风险和伦理问题,并建议在彻底调查和理解这项技术所能带来的功效和安全性之前,运用于人体的实验都应该被禁止。 此后,她还写了一本书 A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution,来介绍基因编辑技术的巨大变革意义,以及可能给人类这一物种演进所带来的影响。 事实上,在她的影响力下,如何看待基因编辑技术成为了过去两三年在硅谷,甚至范围更大的知识分子群体/精英群体所思考的问题。包括轰动一时的《未来简史》也充满了基因编辑技术对人类物种影响的预想和反思。 在这个世界上,杜德纳、张峰,甚至还有更多科学家,他们是可以成为“基因编辑婴儿之父/母”,只是他们没有这么去做。 很遗憾,这期节目访谈中,我们没过多谈到这一部分,那就是:没有谁比科学家本身更能理解一个技术本身带来的威力,因此科学家在技术伦理问题上的审慎也成为了必要的美德。 在这期节目中,我们分析了用基因技术去编辑胎儿这个实验,何止是没有审慎: 为什么要枉顾 CRISPR 技术才诞生6年,且并不成熟的事实? 为什么要不顾学界的惯例,在没有更充分的数据和准备的情况下,就直接用人类做实验? 为什么这个实验试图解决的问题,是一个其实有其它更容易解决方案的问题? 为什么这个实验的实验对象一定要用胎儿,一种可能会让被编辑基因流入人类基因库的载体? 这个实验除了噱头之外,究竟还有什么技术或者科学发现上的突破? 还有更多问题,可以让更多人反思: 贺建奎这样做的动力出自哪里 为何世界第一例人类胚胎修改,以及第一例基因编辑婴儿都出在中国 伦理审查委员会在起什么作用 本期嘉宾 张璐,硅谷风险投资机构 Fusion Fund 创始合伙人 相关信息 A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution 一位女科学家的两个战场 CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna struggles with the ethical implications of what she has wrought 一位饱受伦理争议,又在和死亡赛跑的创业者

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Episode 44: 潘多拉魔盒已打开,追捧医学黑科技也要有底线

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This episode was published on November 30, 2018.

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采访 制作丨徐涛 校对丨秘丛丛 (以下文字只是音频节目的少许补充。「硅谷早知道」每周周五中午12点准时更新,敬请期待。) 詹妮弗·杜德纳(Jennifer Doudna),因为发明基因编辑技术 CRISPR 而受人尊敬。 但她被人所尊敬不仅仅是因为她的贡献。在过去的数年间,她一直在思考基因编辑可能对整个人类社会带来的危害。 2015年,她组织了一次由顶尖生物学家参与的伦理讨论会,在这次会议上,他们签署了一个声明,来说明 CRISPR...

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