二战日本军国主义的形成和瓦解

中文简介本播客聚焦日本军国主义的发展脉络与历史影响，从其根植的武士传统讲起，梳理明治维新后民族主义风格军国主义的形成 —— 如 1882 年《军人敕谕》对军人绝对效忠天皇的要求，以及北一辉《日本改造法案大纲》中军事扩张主张的提出。随后深入剖析 20 世纪日本军国主义崛起的关键事件：《军部大臣现役武官制》赋予军方的内阁否决权、“二二六事变” 等下级军官抗命事件、“八纮一宇” 思想下的对外侵略（九一八事变、卢沟桥事变等），以及日本与德意结成轴心国、袭击珍珠港引发太平洋战争的历程。同时，播客也涵盖战后军国主义的清算，如 1947 年《日本国宪法》取代旧宪法终结军国主义时期，还关注到 2012 年安倍晋三上台后修宪扩军的动向，及其引发的多国忧虑与 64.9% 日本民众的反对，尤其探讨了中国因历史原因对此的反对态度，带听众全面审视日本军国主义的过去与当下，引发对和平与历史记忆的思考。English IntroductionThis podcast focuses on the development context and historical impact of Japanese militarism. Starting from its rooted samurai tradition, it sorts out the formation of nationalist-style militarism after the Meiji Restoration—such as the requirement for soldiers to be absolutely loyal to the Emperor in the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors of 1882, and the proposal of military expansion in Kita Ikki’s Outline of the Reconstruction of Japan. It then in-depth analyzes the key events in the rise of Japanese militarism in the 20th century: the cabinet veto power granted to the military by the Active Duty Military Officer System for Military Ministers, incidents of insubordination by junior officers such as the "February 26 Incident", foreign aggression under the "Hakkō ichiu" ideology (the Mukden Incident, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, etc.), and Japan’s alliance with Germany and Italy to form the Axis Powers, as well as the process of the attack on Pearl Harbor triggering the Pacific War. At the same time, the podcast also covers the post-war liquidation of militarism, such as the replacement of the old constitution by the Constitution of Japan in 1947 to end the era of militarism. It also pays attention to Shinzo Abe’s move to revise the constitution and expand military forces after taking office in 2012, the concerns raised by many countries and the opposition of 64.9% of Japanese respondents. In particular, it discusses China’s opposition attitude due to historical reasons, leading the audience to comprehensively examine the past and present of Japanese militarism and arouse reflections on peace and historical memory.