Erasmo de Roterdão: elogio da loucura e apologia da tolerância (1467-1536)

EPISODE · Oct 30, 2024 · 41 MIN

Erasmo de Roterdão: elogio da loucura e apologia da tolerância (1467-1536)

from A História repete-se · host Margarida de Magalhães Ramalho e Lourenço Pereira Coutinho

Desiderius Erasmus nasceu em Roterdão em 1467, filho natural de um sacerdote. Aos 18 anos, professou no mosteiro dos Cónegos Regulares de Santo Agostinho. Contudo, não se adaptou à vida monástica e, graças ao bispo de Cambrai, obteve uma bolsa para estudar teologia na Universidade de Paris. A partir de então, Erasmo iniciou um percurso verdadeiramente autónomo, sem depender de instituições ou de patronos. Viajou pela Europa, correspondeu-se com os principais filósofos e teólogos de então, como Thomas Moore e Martinho Lutero, e desenvolveu um pensamento próprio, baseado no conhecimento dos clássicos e das escrituras, e assente nas ideias de concórdia e tolerância. A sua passagem por Itália e o contacto com a cúria romana motivou-o a escrever “O elogio da loucura”, uma sátira que constata, com erudição, amargura e realismo, que a estupidez tende a prevalecer sobre a sensatez. Até à sua morte, em 1536, Erasmo, que nunca rompeu com o catolicismo, manteve-se equidistante no conflito entre a Cúria Romana e Martinho Lutero, o que valeu-lhe críticas e incompreensão dos dois lados. No entanto, Erasmo procurou construir pontes entre católicos e luteranos. Em sua casa, havia sempre lugar para estudantes e humanistas, e para debates  livres e tolerantes. Morreu em 1536 em Basileia, cidade que tinha aderido à reforma protestante. Pouco antes de morrer, publicou “A amável concórdia das igrejas”, uma última tentativa para conciliar católicos e protestantes.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Erasmo de Roterdão: elogio da loucura e apologia da tolerância (1467-1536)

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