Europe's Energy Transition with Marc Ringel

In episode 7 of The Transponder, host Samuel George speaks with energy policy expert Marc Ringel of Sciences Po Paris about Europe's ambitious effort to transform its energy system amid geopolitical shocks, climate pressures, and global competition. For decades, Europe relied heavily on imported fossil fuels, particularly from Russia. Today, the continent is accelerating a transition toward  renewables, electrification, and new industrial models while trying to maintain economic competitiveness and energy security. The conversation explores decoupling from Russian energy, the role of nuclear power, competition with China in electric vehicles and batteries, and what diverging U.S. and European strategies mean for transatlantic cooperation.