Exorcism Across Religions and Cultures: a History of the Oldest Battle

A cross-cultural deep dive into the history of exorcism: from Mesopotamian āšipu priests and Babylonian demon taxonomy through Jewish dybbuk traditions, the Christian Rituale Romanum, Islamic ruqyah, Hindu bhuta vidya, Tibetan phurba rituals, Japanese kitsunetsuki, African spirit cults, and Caribbean Vodou. Ninety percent of human societies developed some form of spirit possession belief, independently. The patterns are real. The explanations remain open.