Gastro: Cholecystitis: Free MSRA Podcast

⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Cholecystitis🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common but serious gallbladder inflammation – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinicalscenarios. 🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition•Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder,most commonly due to gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bileaccumulation and infection.📌 Causes & Risk Factors•Gallstones (most common cause)•Acalculous cholecystitis (critically illpatients, trauma, bile stasis)•Risk factors:–The 4 Fs: Fat, Female, Forty, Fertile–Rapid weight loss, fasting–Diabetes, cirrhosis, Crohn’s disease–Hormone therapy, sedentary lifestyle🧠 Mnemonic: 4 Fs – Fat, Female,Forty, Fertile📌 Pathophysiology•Gallstone blocks cystic duct → bile backs up → inflammation and distension•Risk of bacterial infection and furthercomplications🧠 Analogy: Blocked drain → pressurebuild-up + infection📌 Symptoms•Right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, constantand severe•Pain radiating to right shoulder or back•Fever, nausea, vomiting•Positive Murphy’s sign•Jaundice (in ~10% if bile duct alsoobstructed)📌 Differential Diagnosis•Biliary colic•Acute pancreatitis•Peptic ulcer disease / GORD•Appendicitis (especially atypical presentations)📌 Diagnosis•Bloods:–Raised WBC, CRP–Elevated LFTs (ALP, GGT, bilirubin)–Check amylase/lipase to rule outpancreatitis•Imaging:–Ultrasound (first-line): thickenedgallbladder wall, distension, stones–CT abdomen for complications–HIDA scan if diagnosis unclear🧠 Mnemonic: USS first – Stones,Swelling, Shadow📌 Management•Admit to hospital•NPO (nil by mouth), IV fluids, IVantibiotics•Analgesia – paracetamol, NSAIDs, opioidsif needed•Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ideallywithin 1 week)•If unfit for surgery: percutaneouscholecystostomy•Chronic cases: consider elective cholecystectomy📌 Complications•Gangrene of gallbladder•Perforation•Abscess formation•Biliary peritonitis•Sepsis•Empyema (pus-filled gallbladder)•Mirizzi syndrome (stone compressingcommon bile duct)📌 Prognosis•Excellent with prompt treatment•Surgery is curative in most cases•Risk of serious complications if delayed or untreated 📎 More MSRA Resources forCholecystitis📝 Revision Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/cholecystitis-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/cholecystitis-flashcards/💬 Accordion Q&A Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/cholecystitis-accordion-qa-notes/🚀 Rapid Quiz: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/cholecystitis-rapid-quiz/🎓 Full Course: https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/gastroenterology-for-the-msra/ Hashtags#MSRA#MSRARevision #MSRATextbook #MSRAQuiz #MSRAQuestionBank #MSRAFlashcards#MSRAQ&ANotes #MSRAAccordions #MultiSpecialtyRecruitmentAssessment#MSRAOnlineRevision #MSRARevisionWebsite #Cholecystitis