Gastro: Gastric Cancer: Free MSRA Podcast

⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Gastric(Stomach) Cancer🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common but often late-detected malignancy – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinicalscenarios. 🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition•Gastric cancer (stomach cancer) is a malignanttumour of the stomach lining, most often arising from the mucosa, with potential for local invasion and metastasis. 📌 Causes & Risk Factors•Helicobacter pylori infection – majormodifiable risk•Chronic atrophic gastritis•Diet: high salt, smoked/preserved foods,nitrates•Smoking – linked to ~20% of cases•Alcohol – especially high daily intake•Age >55, male gender, low socioeconomicstatus•Genetics – family history, CDH1 mutation (E-cadherin)•Medical conditions: pernicious anaemia,post-gastrectomy, Menetrier’s disease•Blood group A, obesity, chemical exposureMnemonic: “AGASHDS FMBHA” – Age, Gender, Access (SES), Salt (diet), H. pylori, Drugs(smoking/alcohol), Surgery (post-gastrectomy), Family history, Medicalconditions, Blood group A, Hypogammaglobulinaemia, Alcohol 📌 Pathophysiology•Chronic inflammation from H. pylori →cellular mutations•Disruption of DNA control mechanisms → unregulatedgrowth•Local invasion → lymph nodes → distant metastases (liver, lungs, peritoneum) 📌 Symptoms•Often asymptomatic early on•Later: weight loss, abdominal pain, earlysatiety, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting (± blood), anorexia•Alarm signs: Virchow’s node, Sister Mary Joseph nodule, jaundice, ascites,anaemiaMnemonic: “PAIN-DAY-FEW”– Pain, Appetite loss, Indigestion, Nausea, Dysphagia, Anaemia, Vomiting, Earlysatiety, Weight loss 📌 Differential Diagnosis•Gastritis•Peptic ulcer disease•Gastro-oesophageal reflux•Pancreatic or oesophageal cancer•Functional dyspepsia•Anorexia or anaemia from other causes 📌 Diagnosis•Endoscopy with biopsy = gold standard•CT chest/abdomen/pelvis → staging•Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for local invasion•Bloods: FBC (anaemia), LFTs, tumour markers (e.g. CEA, CA19-9)•Consider PET, MRI, laparoscopy in selected cases 📌 Management•Curative intent:Surgery: subtotal or total gastrectomy + D2 lymphadenectomyPerioperative chemotherapy: e.g. 5-FU-basedTrastuzumab for HER2-positive cases • Palliative care:Chemotherapy/radiotherapyStenting (gastric outlet obstruction), transfusionsNivolumab + chemo for PD-L1 positive advanced cancers • Supportive: appetite stimulants, pain control, antiemetics • Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early lesions 📌 Complications•Metastases – liver, lungs, peritoneum•GI bleeding, obstruction, malnutrition•Post-op complications (e.g. dumping syndrome)•Chemo/radio side effects – fatigue, cytopenias, nausea 📌 Prognosis•Highly dependent on stage at diagnosis•UK 5-year survival ~20%; Japan >50% (due to screening)•Early diagnosis = better outcomes•Late stage → poor prognosis due to spread and treatment limitations 📎 More MSRA Resources for Gastric(Stomach) Cancer📝 Revision Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gastric-stomach-cancer-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gastric-stomach-cancer-flashcards/💬 Accordion Q&A Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gastric-stomach-cancer-accordion-qa-notes/🚀 Rapid Quiz: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gastric-stomach-cancer-rapid-quiz/🎓 Full Course: https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/gastroenterology-for-the-msra/ Hashtags#MSRA#MSRARevision #MSRATextbook #MSRAQuiz #MSRAQuestionBank #MSRAFlashcards#MSRAQandANotes #MSRAAccordions #MultiSpecialtyRecruitmentAssessment#MSRAOnlineRevision #MSRARevisionWebsite #GastricCancer