Grace Huang, *Chiang Kai-Shek's Politics of Shame: Leadership, Legacy and National Identity in China*. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021.

Send us Fan MailOnce a powerful leader who prevented the disintegration of China and led the nation to triumph alongside the Allies during World War II, Chiang Kai-shek eventually found himself in exile following his defeat in the Chinese civil war in 1949. As attention turned to Mao Zedong’s communist policies, Chiang was relegated to the pages of history. In this examination, Grace C. Huang reassesses Chiang’s leadership and legacy by employing a remarkable and unfiltered collection of his diaries, telegrams, and speeches carefully compiled by his aides. She creates a new and engaging portrayal of this twentieth-century figure who advocated for a Confucian political approach based on shame to confront the Japanese invasion of China and promote unity among his fellow citizens. By also comparing Chiang’s responses to imperialism with those of Mao, Yuan Shikai, and Mahatma Gandhi, Huang broadens the implications of her findings to explore alternatives to Western nationalism and modernity, demonstrating how leaders of vulnerable nations can leverage significant cultural tools to inspire their people and cultivate a lasting national identity.