Gravitational Lensing Part 2! Strong Lensing, modeling and so much more!

In part 2 of gravitational lensing, we move from subtle distortions to the spectacular phenomena of strong gravitational lensing. We dive into the Euclid space telescope's discovery of a nearly complete Einstein ring in galaxy NGC 6505. Joining us again is Dr. Georgios Vernardos to discuss how we "delens" the universe and what these rings reveal about spacetime.We explore the research process of solving mathematical "inverse problems," finding common ground between cosmological imaging and geophysical inversions. From the 19th-century history of NGC 6505 to the hunt for dark matter subhalos, this episode bridges the gap between theoretical relativity and the massive deluge of data currently reshaping our understanding of the cosmos.InsideDoppler Effect: How redshift and blueshift act as a speedometer to measure distance and velocityStrong vs. Weak Lensing: Why perfect alignment creates multiple images, arcs, and the Einstein ringDark Matter Subhalos: Using gravitational imaging to detect "dark galaxies" that lack visible stars.Inverse Problem: Comparing the shared frameworks used in geophysics, medical imaging, and cosmology.Gravitational Waves: Understanding the "seismic vibrations" of spacetime caused by colliding black holes.Chapter Markers(00:00) Redshift, Blueshift, and the Doppler Effect(02:20) Defining Strong Gravitational Lensing(04:45) Lensing as a Natural Telescope(06:00) Dark Matter Halos and Subhalos(10:50) Gravitational Imaging Techniques(13:50) Einstein Rings vs. Arcs: Role of Alignment(16:30) Historical Irony: Cataloging NGC 6505(21:45) Euclid’s VIS Instrument Signal-to-Noise(24:45) Spectrographs: Chemistry and Distance(31:30) Redshift 0.4 and the Distance to the Source(35:30) The Mathematical Inverse Problem(41:30) Bayesian Priors: Data-Driven vs. Prior-Driven(46:20) Baryons vs. Dark Matter in Galaxy Evolution(49:50) Gravitational Waves: Vibrations of Spacetime(55:50) The Future of Euclid: A Deluge of Data(58:30) The Mathematician's Solution: A Science JokeLinksPaper: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453014Email: [email protected]: WhimsicalWavelengths.comSupport: PateronSocials: Bluesky | Instagram | FacebookWhimsical Wavelengths: Deep-dive conversations where a working scientist unpacks how we know what we know, one paper, one idea, or whimsical detour at a time. Hosted by Dr. Jeffrey Zurek (P.Geo)