History of Coal 4: Coal and Iron BFFs

Show notes at historian.live/home/coal-4 The new economy was built on cheap iron and cheap coal. We talked about cheap coal last episode. Now we're going to talk about cheap iron. Ironmaking is a complicated and multi-stage process but spoiler alert: once people started to figure out how to use cheap coal to make iron, iron got a lot cheaper. The big thing to remember is that making iron takes a lot of energy. You need fire at high heats to melt the iron in order to refine it and forge it. For a long time people got that fire from charcoal, which is heavy, bulky, and expensive. In the 18th century people like Abraham Derby and Henry Cort learned how to make iron with coal, which was much cheaper than wood. This meant iron became less expensive, and could be made anywhere with cheap coal--which in Britain meant a lot of places.