How a Coal Polluter’s New Strategy for Sustainability Transformed Its Business

Enel, Italy’s state-owned power company founded in 1962, was one of Europe’s largest coal users and polluters. Now it is recognized as a leader in renewable energy and has integrated sustainability into its business model and its operations. In this episode, former Harvard Business School senior lecturer Mark Kramer explains how Enel made that enormous strategic change — from its long-range planning to how it tackled the dreaded “innovator’s dilemma.” Kramer studied the company’s transformation into a renewable energy leader in his case, “Enel: The Future of Energy.”