IOD, ENSO & MJO: How These Oceanic Forces Shape India’s Monsoon | Skymet Podcast EP-37

In this episode of the Skymet Weather Podcast, AVM (Retd.) G.P. Sharma, President – Meteorology & Climate Change at Skymet, breaks down the key oceanic and atmospheric drivers influencing the 2025 Southwest Monsoon. He explains the role of ENSO, IOD, SOI, and MJO, and how their current neutral to weak phases are affecting the monsoon’s pace and distribution across India. The episode explores why the monsoon has been delayed in some states, the potential for its spread by the end of June, and the broader implications for agriculture and daily life. The monsoon is also expected to reach Delhi-NCR around June 27–28.