Iran war: The roots of the conflict

The Middle East is once again at a critical crossroads. After a fresh exchange of strikes, US President Donald Trump declares the MOU dead. Renewed escalation is deepening regional instability and sharpening divisions over military action, international law, and the prospects for diplomacy. How are Arab states assessing the risks and costs of a widening conflict? How are US allies recalibrating their positions? And what will it take to move the region away from confrontation and toward a durable peace?