Is Peer Review Built on Sand? Why the 'Gold Standard' May Be Failing Air Quality Science

This week, I step back from the interviews to share a personal reflection on a question that has been nagging at me for some time, sparked by recent encounters with dubious manufacturer claims, the fallout from a prominent Cambridge professor scandal, and my own complicity in wielding peer review as a weapon against innovation: What if the single biggest barrier to progress in air quality and the built environment isn't a lack of good ideas or new technology—but our complete failure to recognise that the gold standard we use to validate truth, peer review itself, is fundamentally broken and built on sand? Key Topics Discussed: The Ideal Versus the Reality: In theory, peer review is the guardian of rigorous science. Experts with time and resources deeply interrogate methodology, check references, and provide robust feedback. Papers that genuinely move the field forward are accepted. But the mechanical reality of 2026 is very different. Manuscript submissions have exponentially outpaced the pool of available reviewers. Academics are trapped in a publish or perish hamster wheel. Peer review is unpaid, unrecognised, and unrewarded. Studies suggest just 10% of reviewers handle almost 50% of the global peer review workload. When you have a small pool of incredibly time poor reviewers who are fundamentally overwhelmed, corners get cut. The Business Model Problem: Over the last decade, there has been a massive shift towards open access and article processing charges. Publishers now make money based on volume, not subscription exclusivity. When authors or institutions pay upwards of two to four thousand pounds to publish a single paper, the publisher is financially incentivised to publish more, not publish better. This environment has given rise to paper mills, highly sophisticated profit driven organisations that manufacture fake or desperately low quality research and sell authorships to desperate academics who need to meet publication quotas. The AI Closed Loop: Paper mills are using generative AI at industrial scale to produce convincing fake papers that slip past exhausted human reviewers. In response to burnout, an increasing number of time poor scholars are using AI to read papers and write their peer reviews. We are rapidly approaching a closed loop where an AI writes a substandard paper to meet a human's academic quota, submits it to a profit driven journal, and another AI reviews and accepts it on behalf of a burned out human reviewer. The fundamental human element, the actual peer in peer review, is being automated out of existence. The Consequences for Our Field: In air quality, health and the built environment, bad data passing as peer reviewed science or misleading claims backed up by pseudoscientific marketing has real world consequences. It leads to bad public policy, misallocation of millions of pounds of funding, inadequate ventilation standards, poor building performance and ultimately public harm. We cannot afford a foundation built on sand. We need to rethink the metrics of academic success, recognise peer review as core scholarly labour that needs compensation, and create alternative pathways for validating independent innovation. If we know the traditional peer review monopoly is struggling, we cannot lazily dismiss independent lab data simply because it doesn't carry a specific journal's logo. The Air Quality Matters Podcast in Partnership with Particles Plus https://particlesplus.com/ Eurovent (https://www.eurovent.eu/) - Aico (https://www.aico.co.uk/) - Lindab (https://www.lindab.ie/) - S&P UK (https://www.solerpalau.com/en-uk/) The One Take Podcast in Partnership with SafeTraces (https://www.safetraces.com/) - Inbiot (https://www.inbiot.es/?utm_campaign=simon&utm_source=airqualitymatters&utm_medium=podcast) - Farmwood (https://farmwood.co.uk/) - iE Electronics (https://www.eielectronics.ie/) and iAir Group (https://iair-group.com/) Zehnder https://www.zehndergroup.com/en Do check them out in the links and on the Air Quality Matters Website. (https://www.airqualitymatters.net/podcast) If you haven't checked out the YouTube channel its here (https://www.youtube.com/@airqualitymatters-SimonJones). Do subscribe if you can, lots more content is coming soon.