建立月球基地，但也别忘了火星

今日内容预览：随着NASA阿耳忒弥斯计划的推进（如阿耳忒弥斯2号的飞行成功），建立永久月球基地的计划正在成形。然而，航天界专家克里斯·卡伯里和詹妮弗·罗奇里斯指出，NASA必须确保这些登月努力能积极为未来的载人火星任务做准备。月球与火星不应被视为相互竞争的优先事项；相反，月球开发应当为火星探索“提供反馈”。---Welcome to Daily Tech briefing.欢迎收听每日科技英文速读。---[00:03] Let’s Build the Moon Base, But Keep Mars in Sight Have you ever stood outside on a clear night, looked up at the glowing moon, and tried to imagine what it would be like to actually live there? Not just to visit for a brief weekend, but to truly build a life, a community, and a workplace on another world? It sounds like the plot of a classic science fiction novel, but the truth is, we are living in a time where this is fast becoming our reality. These are incredibly exciting days for NASA and the entire space industry. Recently, the crew of Artemis 2 flew around the moon, traveling farther into deep space than any human beings have ever gone before. At the same time, NASA has laid out an ambitious new schedule for returning astronauts to the lunar surface. Along with this, private space companies are making massive, promising steps forward every day. After decades of listening to fancy ideas and looking at PowerPoint presentations, a permanent human presence will finally be established on the moon, and it will easily rank as one of the greatest achievements in human history.建立月球基地，但也别忘了火星 你有没有在晴朗的夜晚站在户外，抬头看着那轮明亮的月亮，试着想象一下真正生活在上面会是什么样子？不仅是去度过一个短暂的周末，而是真正地在另一个世界建立生活、社区和工作场所。这听起来像是一部经典科幻小说的情节，但事实是，我们正生活在一个这正迅速成为现实的时代。对于NASA和整个太空行业来说，这些都是令人无比兴奋的日子。最近，阿耳忒弥斯2号的机组人员绕月飞行，比以往任何人类都更深入地进入了深空。与此同时，NASA制定了一个雄心勃勃的重返月球表面的新时间表。与此同时，民营太空公司每天都在迈出巨大而充满希望的步伐。在听了几十年的奇思妙想和看了无数幻灯片展示之后，月球上终于将建立起人类的永久存在，这很容易被列为人类历史上最伟大的成就之一。---[01:06] But as we watch this beautiful dream finally come true, there is a crucial question we must ask ourselves. Are we getting so focused on the moon that we might lose sight of our next giant leap? Over the years, our nation has made a deep commitment to sending humans to Mars, and we must make sure we do not abandon this long-term goal. Of course, in the short term, it makes perfect sense to focus our energy on building a sustainable base on the lunar surface, but Mars must remain our guiding star. It must be part of the long-term strategic trajectory guiding those investments. The moon and Mars are not competing for our attention; instead, they work together. Fortunately, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman appears to agree with this approach. When recently asked how the moon base would help us get to Mars, he explained that we want to be in an environment where we can learn the necessary skills, so that one day, our astronauts can plant the stars and stripes on the red planet.但是，当我们看着这个美丽的梦想终于成真时，有一个关键的问题我们必须问自己。我们是否过于关注月球，以至于可能会忽视我们的下一个巨大飞跃？多年来，我们的国家对将人类送往火星做出了深远的承诺，我们必须确保我们不会放弃这个长期目标。当然，在短期内，将我们的精力集中在月球表面建立一个可持续的基地是完全合理的，但火星必须是我们的指路明灯。它必须是引导我们做出决策和投资的长期战略轨迹的一部分。月球和火星并不是在争夺我们的注意力；相反，它们相辅相成。幸运的是，NASA局长杰拉德·艾萨克曼似乎也同意这种做法。最近，当被问及月球基地将如何帮助我们前往火星时，他解释说，我们希望处在一个可以学习必要技能的环境中，这样有一天，我们的宇航员就能在红色的火星上插上星条旗。---[02:01] This forward-looking approach does not mean that the moon is somehow less important than Mars. It simply means we need to be smart and strategic, making sure every technology we design for the moon actively feeds forward to Mars. If we do not think this way, we might wake up in ten or fifteen years and find ourselves no closer to Mars than we are today, which would not be a responsible use of resources. Fortunately, this does not require a massive increase in our budget; it is mostly a matter of how we frame our goals. For example, NASA is currently developing a system called Lunar Reactor-1 to provide power on the moon, and the lessons we learn about setting up electrical networks will apply directly to Mars. Furthermore, operating on the lunar surface will teach us how to build radiation shielding, construct landing pads, and move the sharp, dry lunar soil called regolith, which will make Martian base construction much easier in the future.这种前瞻性的做法并不意味着月球在某种程度上不如火星重要。它只是意味着我们需要聪明且有战略眼光，确保我们为月球设计的每一项技术都能积极地回馈到火星任务中。如果我们不这样思考，我们可能会在十年或十五年后醒来，发现自己并没有比今天更接近火星，而这并不是对资源的负责任的使用。幸运的是，这并不需要大幅增加我们的预算；这主要是一个我们如何规划目标的问题。例如，NASA目前正在开发一个名为“月球反应堆-1”的系统来为月球提供电力，而我们在建立电网方面学到的教训将直接适用于火星。此外，在月球表面的操作将教会我们如何建造辐射屏蔽、建造着陆垫以及如何移动被称为“月壤”的锋利、干燥的月球土壤，这将使未来的火星基地建设变得容易得多。---[02:56] But Mars is not just a challenge of transportation and engineering; it is also a test of human endurance. The moon is the perfect place to stress-test how humans handle the extreme pressures of deep space. On the moon, we can practice autonomous operations where astronauts and machines must solve problems on their own, handle concurrent workloads when things go wrong, and cope with degraded communication delays. Most importantly, we can study human resilience (韧性，恢复力，适应力) under real mission conditions to understand how physical health and emotional state change over time. While we have learned a lot from decades of living on the space station, the moon offers a much tougher environment while still leaving us a margin of safety. If something goes wrong on the moon, help is only three days away, allowing us to refine our systems before committing to a two-year journey to Mars.但火星不仅是运输和工程上的挑战，它也是对人类耐力的考验。月球是压力测试人类如何应对深空极端压力的绝佳场所。在月球上，我们可以练习自主操作——宇航员和机器必须自己解决问题，在事情出错时处理并发的工作量，并应对通信受损的延迟。最重要的是，我们可以在真实的任务条件下研究人类的韧性，以了解身体健康和情感状态如何随着时间的推移而发生变化。虽然我们从几十年的空间站生活中了解到了很多，但月球提供了一个更加艰难的环境，同时依然为我们留有安全余地。如果月球上出了什么问题，救援只需三天就能到达，这使我们能够在承诺进行为期两年的火星之旅之前，优化改进我们的系统。---[03:47] However, we must also recognize that not everything on the moon will work on Mars. Since Mars has a thin atmosphere while the moon has none, we must develop some unique Mars capabilities, like Entry, Descent, and Landing systems, in parallel with our lunar missions. During his confirmation hearing, Jared Isaacman made this point very clear, stating that our current plan should not preclude (排除，防止，阻止) parallel efforts to send astronauts to Mars. For instance, we should test technologies like the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator in the Martian atmosphere during the 2020s to avoid major delays. In the end, building a permanent presence on the moon offers science, economic benefits, and diplomacy. But above all, it offers inspiration, proving that human curiosity has no limits, and that when we work together, we can turn the dreams of today into the reality of tomorrow.然而，我们也必须认识到，并不是月球上的一切都适用于火星。由于火星有稀薄的大气层而月球没有，我们必须在进行探月任务的同时，并行开发一些独特的火星能力，例如进入、下降和着陆系统。在确认听证会上，杰拉德·艾萨克曼非常明确地指出了这一点，他表示我们的当前计划不应该阻止我们为把宇航员送上火星而进行并行努力。例如，我们应该在2020年代在火星大气中测试“高超音速充气气动减速器”等技术，以避免出现重大延误。归根结底，在月球上建立永久存在带来了科学、经济利益和外交。但最重要的是，它带来了启发，证明了人类的求知欲是无止境的，而且当我们携手合作时，我们可以将今天的梦想变为明天的现实。（来源：SpaceNews）---[04:40] 📚 今日单词：trajectory- n. 轨道，轨迹，发展方向- [trəˈdʒektəri]- 词源：tra-（跨越）+ ject（投掷）+ -ory（场所/性质）---[04:44] 词组/例句- long-term trajectory 长期发展轨迹- Mars must remain part of the long-term strategic trajectory guiding those investments. 火星必须保持作为引导这些投资的长期战略轨迹的一部分。---[05:02] That's all for today. See you tomorrow, and thank you for listening.以上就是今天的内容。感谢你的收听，我们明天见。前往小宇宙评论区与主播互动