Kalo: The Heart of Hawaiian Culture, Food Sovereignty, and Ancestry

In this conversation, mahi'ai and kumu Nick Kālāmakani Francisco shares deep ʻike about kalo (taro) and its central place in Hawaiian identity, history, and daily life. He reminds us that kalo is more than food — it is our ancestor, our teacher, and our kuleana. Nick explores the story of Hāloa, the first kanaka, and how our connection to kalo ties us directly to the ʻāina and to each other. He speaks on the political power of growing our own food, calling it an act of resistance and a path toward food sovereignty and community resilience. Listeners will learn about the diverse varieties of kalo, each uniquely adapted to different conditions — from loʻi to rocky soil — and the traditional knowledge behind planting, harvesting, and caretaking. Nick also highlights kalo’s many uses, including medicinal benefits and the use of sap for dyeing. Through storytelling and reflection, he reminds us that growing kalo takes time, and every planting is a chance to learn. The wisdom of our kūpuna must guide how we mālama Hāloa for generations to come. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Kalo and Its Significance 02:03 The Creation Story of Kalo 09:19 Cultural and Historical Context of Kalo 15:05 Personal Journey into Kalo Cultivation 19:14 Food Sovereignty and Autonomy 22:39 Growing Kalo in Limited Spaces 24:11 Diversity of Kalo Varieties 30:22 Techniques and Practices in Kalo Cultivation 34:14 Preserving Cultural Practices and Knowledge Takeaways Kalo is a vital part of Hawaiian culture and identity. Food sovereignty is crucial for community resilience. Growing food is an act of political resistance. Kalo varieties are adapted to specific environments. The story of Hāloa connects us to the land and our ancestors. We have a responsibility to care for the land that feeds us. Kalo can be grown in various conditions, even in rocky soil. Healthy soil (lepo) is fundamental for successful kalo growth. Every planting experience is an opportunity for learning and experimentation. Different kalo varieties have unique uses and benefits. The sap of kalo can be used for dyeing and medicinal purposes. Understanding the history of kalo enriches our connection to it. We need to perpetuate these native kalo varieties. We need to listen and learn from our kūpuna.