Kant's philosophy - Republic and despotism

Kant distinguishes two forms of government: The despotic and the republican one. The form of government here is different from the form of state: Autocracy, aristocracy or democracy all can govern in a despotic or a republican manner. What matters for Kant is not who is the sovereign in the state, what matters is that the sovereign represents the citizens and gives laws which protect freedom and represent the common will, as well as that the sovereign isn't the regent at the same time, i. e. that the lawgiver and the executive power are separate from one another. The republic is a rule of law state which subjects people only to reason, despotism is an unjust state where they are dependent on the arbitrary whims of the ruler.Quote: 0:08Republic and despotism: 0:16The architectonic deduction of the forms of government: 23:191) In the republic all human beings are free: 42:47- A state that wants to make people happy is despotic: 55:332) In the republic all subjects are equal before the law: 1:13:23- The republican equality is equality of force through the law: 1:24:45- The lawgiver is above the law and therefore must be irreprehensible: 1:36:243) In the republic all independent citizens are fraternally united as lawgivers: 1:40:10- Right of suffrage: 2:20:10What makes a republic: 3:02:05Liberty, equality, fraternity: 3:04:33The republic according to the four titles of the table of categories: 3:17:11The form of government matters, not the form of rulership: 3:34:57The endurance of the republic ought to be guaranteed by the constitution: 3:43:49Thanks: 3:58:23Republicanism and its three principles Kant describes in his essays Perpetual Peace: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50922/50922-h/50922-h.htm and On the common saying: That may be correct in theory but it is of no use for practice: https://hesperusisbosphorus.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/theory-and-practice.pdf as well as in the preliminary works to the both texts: https://korpora.org/kant/aa23/153.html & https://korpora.org/kant/aa23/125.html and also in his handwritten estate on anthropology: https://korpora.org/kant/aa15/ and on the philosophy of right: https://korpora.org/kant/aa19/443.html (I am not aware of any English translations). Whoever wants to support my aufkläring work can do so via:https://ko-fi.com/jonathanivoloewerhttps://www.patreon.com/jonathanivoloewerhttps://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=VDDT7T7XHR77UThumbnail: www.hotpot.ai