考试试卷的“密封线”最早是武则天发明的 episode artwork

EPISODE · Dec 28, 2022 · 1 MIN

考试试卷的“密封线”最早是武则天发明的

from 冷门知识 | 丰富你的知识储备

试卷的“密封线”,其实是武则天发明的。为了避免考官阅卷时徇私舞弊,武则天发明了“弥封法”,用纸严密封上考生姓名,这样就能统一公平阅卷,改进到现在,就成了密封线。实行科举考试不久,古人就注意到了这个问题。隐去考生名字的办法最早起源于唐代武则天即位初年,为杜绝科举考试中的请托之风,便将考生名字盖起来改卷。将此项措施正式制度化是在宋代,称之为“封弥”,俗称“糊名”,做法是将考生的姓名、籍贯等密封后加以编号,并加盖各级考试机构的印章,保证考生信息不外泄。然而,虽然实行了糊名编号评卷,考官无法看到考生的姓名,但依然存在徇私舞弊的空间。因为如果考官是考生的老师,就可能通过字迹或别的记号辨认出考生的身份。因此,为了使考官无法辨认字迹,当时考完后,立即“别录本,去其姓名”。试卷收上来之后,先有编排官,遮掩考卷上的姓名籍贯,并把考卷编号,然后将其交给封弥官,誊写遍,最后还要加盖御书院的印章,以防止誊录者偷梁换柱,以示郑重。

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考试试卷的“密封线”最早是武则天发明的

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