Lecture 2: Second Law and Entropy; Adiabatic Availability; Maximum Entropy Principle

MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024Instructor: Gian Paolo BerettaUploaded 05-12-24View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_toc_slides_pdf/Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_index_slides_pdf/YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP6309d0oJDiVo1CvxUQXJ2ilThis lecture covers: Reversible process. Statement of the Second Law. Adiabatic availability. Mutual equilibrium. Temperature of a thermal reservoir. Definition of entropy. Entropy balance. Available energy. Maximum entropy principle. Fundamental stable equilibrium relation.Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.Slides for this lecture: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-spring-2024/resources/mit2_43_s24_lec02_pdf/Key moments:00:00:00 - Introduction00:00:22 - Review: Course Objectives: Part I00:00:42 - The Loaded Meaning of the Word System00:01:56 - The Loaded Meaning of the Word Property00:02:24 - What Exactly Do We Mean by the Word State?00:02:44 - General Laws of Time Evolution00:03:54 - Time Evolution, Interactions, Process00:04:20 - Definition of Weight Process00:04:40 - Main Consequence of the First Law: Energy00:05:54 - Energy Balance Equation00:07:01 - States: Steady/Unsteady/Equilibrium/Nonequilibrium00:07:24 - Equilibrium States: Unstable/Metastable/Stable00:08:16 - Hatsopoulos-Keenan Statement of the Second Law00:09:44 - Consequences of First and Second Law together 00:10:45 - Theorem: Kelvin-Planck Statement of the Second Law00:16:20 - Proof of the Kelvin-Planck Statement00:18:39 - What Exactly Do We Mean by Reversible Process?00:22:40 - Second Part of the Statement of the Second Law00:24:03 - Definition of Adiabatic Availability00:30:25 - Criterion for Reversibility of a Weight Process00:34:23 - Mutual Equilibrium and Thermal Reservoir00:41:05 - Feasibility of Standard Reversible Weight Process00:47:30 - Definition of Temperature of a Thermal Reservoir00:54:49 - Definition of Property Entropy00:57:32 - Available Energy w.r.to a Thermal Reservoir01:04:14 - Entropy: Engineering Meaning and Additivity01:07:16 - Entropy Cannot Decrease in a Weight Process01:07:38 - Criteria for Reversibility of a Weight Process01:10:08 - Exchangeability of Entropy via Interactions01:11:34 - Entropy Balance Equation01:17:33 - Maximum Entropy and Minimum Energy Principles01:25:14 - State Principle and Fundamental Relation01:36:53 - Partial Derivatives of the Fundamental RelationLicense: Creative Commons BY-NC-SAMore information at https://ocw.mit.edu/termsMore courses at https://ocw.mit.eduSupport OCW at http://ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQWe encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at https://ocw.mit.edu/comments.