Lessons from Peter Carlsson after the Rise and Fall of Northvolt

Peter Carlsson is Co-founder and former CEO of Northvolt, the European battery manufacturing company that raised more than $13 billion to build a homegrown battery supply chain for Europe, before filing for bankruptcy at the end of 2024. Before Northvolt, Carlsson spent more than a decade at Ericsson building global supply chains and later served as VP of Supply Chain at Tesla during the launch of the Model S. In this live episode of Inevitable from the AENU Summit in Berlin, Carlsson reflects on the rise and fall of Northvolt, the realities of competing with China’s electro-industrial stack, and what Europe still gets right in manufacturing and innovation. Peter breaks down why batteries became strategically essential to Europe, what operational challenges slowed Northvolt’s scale-up, and how changing EV markets, policy shifts, and financing pressures compounded those problems. Carlsson also mentions his new ventures: Aris Machina, an agentic operating system for manufacturing and Sonder Labs, a sodium-ion battery company focused on building chemistry and supply chains less dependent on China. He talks about AI-driven manufacturing, industrial automation, battery geopolitics, and where Europe can still compete in the next generation of energy and hardware systems.  Episode recorded on April 28 2026 (Published on May 19, 2026).  In this episode, we cover:  (0:00) What happened at Northvolt (2:33) Takeaways from Ericsson and Tesla on factory operations (5:52) Why Europe needed a battery champion like Northvolt (7:01) Northvolt’s strategy (8:47) The fall of Northvolt (12:23) The decision Peter wishes he had made differently (15:46) Was Northvolt's chemistry bet a mistake? (17:29) Sonder Labs: The promise of sodium-ion batteries (21:42) Can Europe still compete with China in batteries? (24:05) Aris Machina: AI agents for manufacturing operations (27:31) How AI changes factory productivity and the labor market (29:05) Data sovereignty, AI infrastructure and software challenge (32:35) Industrial automation, precision manufacturing, and fusion (34:48) Where Europe still wins (36:01) Final thoughts on Europe’s industrial future Enjoyed this episode? Please leave us a review! Share feedback or suggest future topics and guests at [email protected] with MCJ:Cody Simms on LinkedInVisit mcj.vcSubscribe to the MCJ Newsletter*Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant