利瑪竇 (五)︰肇慶僊花寺 episode artwork

EPISODE · Jan 23, 2026 · 27 MIN

利瑪竇 (五)︰肇慶僊花寺

from History Hero Backup

萬曆十二年(1584年)春天,利瑪竇、羅明堅等西方傳教士,獲得兩廣總督及肇慶知府的批准,在新落成的教堂「僊花寺」居住,開始在肇慶傳播天主教福音。夏天,利瑪竇聘請了福建秀才司賓住到教堂,當他的中文教師。他把羅明堅在澳門時翻譯成漢文 的神學教科書《聖教實錄》重新修訂,補充和重編,採用明代講學盛行的語錄體,由中士發問,西士作答,改名《天主實錄》。在翻譯過程中,利瑪竇對拉丁文《聖經》中,Deus一詞,反覆斟酌,力求詞義準確,並且不抵觸明朝政治忌諱,敲定用「天主」一詞,一直沿用至今。其後,利瑪竇又將十大天主教誡條翻譯成中文,即《天主十誡》,印發宣傳單張分派給進來教堂參觀的人。又翻譯《天主經》《聖母經》等經文,供信徒吟誦。《天主十誡》的譯文如下:一、欽崇一天主在萬有之上 (敬拜獨一的上帝)二、毋呼天主聖名以發虛誓 (不可妄稱上帝的名)三、守瞻禮主日 (守安息日為聖日)四、孝敬父母五、毋殺人六、毋行邪淫七、毋偷盜八、毋妄證 (不可作假見證)九、毋願他人妻十、毋貪他人財物同一時期,利瑪竇在教堂內忙於製造自鳴鐘,從澳門聘請來自印度果亞的製鐘匠協助製作,萬曆十二年9月,中國第一座自鳴鐘製成。肇慶知府王泮已經升遷為嶺西道道台,經常到僊花寺探望利瑪竇,王泮看到了掛在圖書室內內的奧特里烏斯(Abraham Ortelius,1527-1598)繪製的拉丁文世界地圖,很感興趣。於是請利瑪竇為他繪製一幅中文世界地圖。利瑪竇把圖繪出後,王泮和同僚們看到這幅地圖把中國放到地球最東的邊緣上,便感到不大滿意。他們 說,既然地為圓球,而球體的本性就是無頭無尾的,站在西方的位置上看周邊世界,自然以西方為中心,但站在大明帝國的位置上看周邊世界,就應該以大明帝國為中心。利瑪竇從善如流,按照王泮的意見,並參照嘉靖年間江西狀元羅洪先繪畫的明朝分省及世界地圖集《廣輿圖》修訂,繪成了《山海輿地圖》,由王泮出資刻版印刷了十多張,把它當作珍貴禮物送給當地要人和好友。利瑪竇把新繪製的《山海輿地圖》寄回羅馬耶穌總會保存。利瑪竇與羅明堅為了表示歸化中國,按照中國人的習慣,各為自己取了別號,利瑪竇自稱「西泰子」,而羅明堅別號則為「復初」。羅明堅經常往來於肇慶及澳門,為教堂籌募經費。又曾經以探望王泮父親為名,到浙江、江西旅行,順便傳教。萬曆十四年他聽聞湖廣的武當山香火甚盛,希望前往武當山,他途經廣西桂林時,想叩見受封於桂林的靖江王,卻被桂林的官員阻撓,把他驅逐回肇慶。年底,王泮在兩廣官場壓力之下,對羅明堅神父等人一再違反社情民意,擅自推行急進式傳教,頒令神父們馬上回到澳門。後來經利瑪竇申訴,允許留下一兩人,而其他神父必須離開肇慶,於是幾經商議,決定先讓推動此次急進式傳教的教團監督孟三德神父返回澳門去。不久,羅明堅返回羅馬晉見教皇,順便攜帶他與利瑪竇完成翻譯的《四書》第一篇《大學》的拉丁文譯本帶回羅馬。並計劃請求教皇派遣使節覲見中國皇帝,要求批准在中國傳教,但不得要領。羅明堅離開肇慶就再沒回來。其後羅明堅在羅馬去世(1607年,即明萬曆三十五年)。

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利瑪竇 (五)︰肇慶僊花寺

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This episode was published on January 23, 2026.

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萬曆十二年(1584年)春天,利瑪竇、羅明堅等西方傳教士,獲得兩廣總督及肇慶知府的批准,在新落成的教堂「僊花寺」居住,開始在肇慶傳播天主教福音。夏天,利瑪竇聘請了福建秀才司賓住到教堂,當他的中文教師。他把羅明堅在澳門時翻譯成漢文...

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