Listen to this essay: Preparing for the next European war

For centuries, Europe has been both the crucible of civilization and the stage for some of history’s most devastating conflicts. Today, it stands at another inflection point. A resurgent Russia, an uncertain NATO and the growing specter of cyber and kinetic warfare demand a fundamental shift in how Europe thinks about its own security.In this essay, I explore what Europe must do—not just to prepare for the next great war, but to prevent it. Russia is learning fast, rebuilding faster and probing the edges of Western resolve through sabotage, cyberattacks and disinformation. If Europe remains complacent, the next Mariupol could be in Poland, Estonia or Finland. The stakes couldn’t be higher. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.exponentialview.co/subscribe