Lithuanian Out Loud 0184 - Inagininkas Instrumental Case

Inagininkas  Instrumental Case   Hi there, I'm Raminta and I'm Jack and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language.   According to the article, "June 14, 1940. Why the Russians should apologize." On the 14th of June 1940, massive deportations of Lithuanians were started by the Soviet Union.  In one week 17,730 people were deported from Lithuania to Russian gulags. The unfortunate Lithuanians selected for transport were intellectuals and academics, political activists, businessmen and successful farmers, medics, lawyers, military leaders, teachers, and religious leaders.   Families had one hour to collect 100 kilograms of belongings and were transported to any one of 57 train stations.  Common cattle cars awaited them for the long trip to Siberia. The Soviets had planned to deport as much as 50% of the Lithuanian population but the Nazi invasion stopped their plans.  Many Lithuanians viewed the Germans as saviors because the German invasion stopped the Russians.   When the Soviets forced the Germans out of Lithuania the deportations resumed.  In 1948 alone more than 40,000 Lithuanians were shipped east in cattle cars; 11,066 were children.   Between 1940 and 1953 Lithuania lost one third of its population and the only thing that stopped the mass deportations was the death of Stalin in 1953.   Today, Russia refuses to discuss the matter and ignores Lithuania's requests for apologies and reparations.  Lithuania is requesting, at a minimum, moral recognition of the issue.   We've already gone over these declensions:   the nominative       vardininkas the genitive            kilmininkas the accusative        galininkas   the locative            vietininkas   the vocative           šauksmininkas   We've only got two more declensions remaining and we'll do one of those today;    įnagininkas – the instrumental case.   In this episode we'll be throwing a lot of new stuff at you but don't worry, we'll give you plenty of examples so you can understand what's being presented.  First off, we'll go over some concepts.  Today's program is only the first in a series covering the instrumental case.   We use the instrumental case in many different ways.  One way is to describe how one is transported, for example; to the restaurant we go by car or Rimantas goes to work by motorcycle.  The car is the instrument by which we go to the restaurant and the motorcycle is the instrument by which Rimantas goes to work.   When a noun is declined with įnagininkas or the instrumental case, the noun is the instrument of the sentence.  The instrumental case can be viewed as describing "by means of," "by way of" or "using."   Let's go over the different instrumental endings or suffixes using singular nouns.  We'll go over plural nouns in another episode.   First, here are the singular masculine noun endings or suffixes…   singular nouns that end in –as change to –u singular nouns that end in –is change to –iu singular nouns that end in –ys change to –iu singular nouns that end in –us change to –umi singular nouns that end in –uo can change to – eniu or –enimi   Now the feminine singular noun endings or suffixes…   singular nouns that end in –a change to –a singular nouns that end in –ė change to –e singular nouns that end in –is change to –imi singular nouns that end in –uo, and there's only one – sesuo, change to –eria   singular nouns that end in –ė, as in duktė, change to –eria or –erimi   before each group of examples we'll go over some vocabulary   vocabulary žodynas   to travel                                                        keliauti to go or ride by means of transportation          važiuoti an automobile                                               automobilis a bus                                                           autobusas   Valdemaras travels "by means of" a car  Valdemaras keliauja automobiliu Simonas travels "by way of" a car Simonas keliauja automobiliu Diana travels "using" a car Diana keliauja automobiliu   Violeta goes "by means of" a bus Violeta važiuoja autobusu Valentina goes "by way of" a bus Valentina važiuoja autobusu Veronika goes "using" a bus Veronika važiuoja autobusu    The instrumental can also be used to describe movement "by way of," "by means of," or "using" a street, a path, a sidewalk, etcetera, or going through a park, a field, a valley, a tunnel, an alley, a river, a sea, a mountain pass, etcetera.    vocabulary žodynas   to go for a walk                                       pasivaikščioti   to go (on foot)                                         eiti   a path                                                     takas   a sidewalk                                               šaligatvis   to swim                                                   plaukti   a river                                                     upė   Algis walks "by means of" the path           Algis eina taku   Giedrius walks "by way of" the path         Giedrius eina taku   Evaldas walks "using" the path                 Evaldas eina taku   Justinas goes for a walk "by means of" the sidewalk   Justinas eina pasivaikščioti šaligatviu   Justas goes for a walk "by way of" the sidewalk         Justas eina pasivaikščioti šaligatviu   Neringa goes for a walk "using" the sidewalk              Neringa eina pasivaikščioti šaligatviu   a boat sails via the river                            valtis plaukia upe   a ship sails using the river                         laivas plaukia upe   a barge sails by means of the river             barža plaukia upe   Now let's talk about professions.  You can say, I am a doctor, or, aš esu gydytojas.  I'm a policeman, aš esu policininkas.  In these examples we are not using the instrumental case.    Using the instrumental case we would say, I work as a doctor – aš dirbu gydytoju.  I work as a policeman – aš dirbu policininku.  A profession is the instrument "by way of" or "by means of" a person makes a living.  The key word in English here is the word, "as."  I work as a pilot.  I work as a teacher.   vocabulary žodynas   a policeman, policewoman                                        policininkas, policininkė   a pilot                                                      lakūnas, lakūnė   a doctor                                                   gydytojas, gydytoja   a lawyer                                                   teisininkas, teisininkė   a teacher                                                  mokytojas, mokytoja   a commentator                                         komentatorius, komentatorė    here we'll compare phrases using vardininkas with phrases using įnagininkas   vardininkas I am a policeman                                                     aš esu policininkas   įnagininkas I work "as" a policeman                                              aš dirbu policininku   vardininkas I am a pilot                                                               aš esu lakūnas   įnagininkas I work as a pilot                                                        aš dirbu lakūnu   vardininkas I am a doctor                                                              aš esu gydytojas   įnagininkas I work as a doctor                                                      aš dirbu gydytoju   vardininkas I am a lawyer                                                            aš esu teisininkas   įnagininkas I want to work "as" a lawyer                                       aš noriu dirbti teisininku   vardininkas I am a teacher                                                          aš esu mokytojas   įnagininkas I want to work "as" a teacher                                     aš noriu dirbti mokytoju   vardininkas Justas is a television comentator                                 Justas yra televizijos komentatorius   įnagininkas Justas works as a television comentator                     Justas dirba televizijos komentatoriumi   vardininkas Evaldas is a controller                                               Evaldas yra kontrolierius   įnagininkas Evaldas works as a controller                                      Evaldas dirba kontrolieriumi   Some prepositions require the instrumental case such as the word "with" or in Lithuanian – su.    first, here's some vocabulary   with                                        su   bacon                                      šoninė   to travel                                   keliauti   to eat                                       valgyti   ice cream                                 ledai   beef                                         jautiena   knife                                        peilis   fork                                         šakutė   chocolate                                  šokoladas   ammonia                                  amoniakas   a shovel                                    kastuvas   pleasure                                  malonumas   to eat with a knife and fork        valgyti su peiliu ir šakute   beef with bacon                         jautiena su šonine   ice cream with chocolate             ledai su šokoladu   a liquid mixed with ammonia       skystis, sumaišytas su amoniaku    Antanas works with a shovel       Antanas dirba su kastuvu   I can live with Rimantas              galiu gyventi su Rimantu   Diana can travel with Justinas      Diana gali keliauti su Justinu   he works with pleasure                jis dirba su malonumu   Alright, that does it for our introduction to using the instrumental.  On the next episode we'll continue part II of exploring the instrumental case.  We'll see you in 2010.  Happy New Year!   June 14, 1940. Why the Russians should apologize http://irzikevicius.wordpress.com/2008/06/15/june-14-1940-why-the-russians-should-apologies/