Lithuanian Out Loud 0200 - Daug Laiko A Lot Of Time

Daug Laiko A Lot Of Time Hi there, I'm Jack and I'm Romas and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language.   According to the article named, "Take a trolleybus around Kaunas," there was once a beautiful young woman named Milda who lived there.  She wasn't interested in any men who were interested in her.  Finally, a young man named Daugerutis who had the voice of a nightingale won her heart.  But, her stepmother told the gods and Daugerutis was ordered to be burned alive.  The priest Auskaras hid them but unfortunately while they were hiding the Holy Eternal Fire went out and now both the lovers were ordered to die by flames.  The priest Auskaras hid them below the fire in a cave for years where they bore and raised a son named Kaunas who would later found a city.   Here are some nouns such as salt, amber, steel or water.  You don't count water, you might count bottles of water or liters of water but you don't count water itself.  Same goes for courage, concrete or gold.  You don't have three courages, four concretes or five golds.  Nouns like these have only a singular form.  These nouns don't have a plural form.  Here's a short list of a few of these nouns…   iron  geležis   tea arbata   gold auksas   cement                                         betonas   concrete                                     cementas   sugar                                            cukrus   vodka                                          degtinė   salt                                               druska   amber                                           gintaras   time                                             laikas   sour cream                                  grietinė   clay                                             molis   honey                                          medus   milk                                              pienas   steel                                             plienas   butter                                            sviestas   water                                           vanduo   cottage cheese                          varškė   fear                                               baimė   evil                                               blogis   morality                                        dora   courage                                       drąsa   discipline                                   drausmė   behavior                                      elgesys   essence                                        esmė   honor                                             garbė   beauty                                          grožis   faithfulness                                  ištikimybė   patience                                       kantrybė   creativity                                     kūryba   time                                              laikas   equality                                      lygybė   bravery                                        narsa   premonition                              nuojauta   envy, jealousy                            pavydas   conscience                                 sąžinė   peace (after war)                        taika   Attention!  Dėmėsio!  If a noun does not have a plural form it doesn't use the plural genitive.  If a noun has no plural it has no plural genitive.   No plural form – no plural genitive.   Expressions like daug, ne daug or per daug describe an unspecific amount.  If we're talking about an unspecific amount of a noun that is uncountable, we use the genitive singular.  Remember – no plural form – no plural genitive – use the singular.   Just as a reminder, let's combine daug with some countable nouns first.   many books                                daug knygų   many people                              daug žmonių   many cities                                 daug miestų   many bicycles                            daug dviračių   Now let's combine daug with uncountable nouns   a lot, many                                daug   a lot of tea                                  daug arbatos   a lot of gold                              daug aukso   a lot of cement                          daug betono   a lot of concrete                        daug cemento   a lot of sugar                           daug cukraus   a lot of whiskey                       daug viskio   a lot of salt                              daug druskos   a lot of amber                            daug gintaro   a lot of sour cream                  daug grietinės   a lot of clay                             daug molio   a lot of honey                            daug medaus   a lot of milk                               daug pieno   too much steel                        per daug plieno   too much butter                         per daug sviesto   too much water                          per daug vandens   not a lot of cottage cheese nedaug varškės   not much courage                        nedaug drąsos   a lot of patience                           daug kantrybės   a lot of bravery                            daug narsos   a lot of time                                  daug laiko   plenty of time                              daug laiko   Šiek tiek translates as "a little."  Again, this is an unspecified amount.   information                               informacija   time                                               laikas   history                                         istorija   hope                                               viltis   humor                                           humoras   alcohol                                         alkoholis   news                                              žinios   milk                                               pienas   a little                                            šiek tiek   a little information                      šiek tiek informacijos   a little time                                   šiek tiek laiko   a little history                              šiek tiek istorijos   a little hope                                 šiek tiek vilties   a little humor                              šiek tiek humoro   a little milk                                 šiek tiek pieno   Another way to express an unknown amount of something is to simply use the genitive, like we just did.   In this case the genitive would basically translate as, "some."   some tea                                       arbatos   some gold                                    aukso   some cement                              betono   some concrete                              cemento   some sugar                                 cukraus   some whiskey                             viskio   some salt                                      druskos   some amber                                 gintaro   some sour cream                      grietinės   some clay                                     molio   some honey                                 medaus   some milk                                    pieno   some steel                                    plieno   some butter                               sviesto   some water                                 vandens   some cottage cheese                 varškės   some courage                              drąsos   some patience                             kantrybės   some bravery                             narsos   now some sentences   do you want some tea?             ar nori arbatos?   I'd like some tea                          norėčiau arbatos   do you want some sugar?         ar nori cukraus?   I'd like some sugar                     norėčiau cukraus   want some whiskey?                nori viskio?   yes, some whiskey, please      taip, viskio, prašau   do you want some butter?      ar nori sviesto?   yes, some butter, please           taip, sviesto, prašau   do you want some cream?       ar nori grietinės?   no, some milk, please             ne, pieno, prašau   So, to recap this episode, if we're talking about an unspecified number of a COUNTABLE object we use the genitive plural.  If we're talking about an unspecified amount of an UNCOUNTABLE object we use the genitive singular.   Šaunuoliai!  Great!  You made it to the end of another episode!  Šaunuoliai!   Take a trolleybus around Kaunas http://kaunas.karalyte.com/where.html