Monologue: year-end review of Proto-Indo-European origins and humanity's deep evolution and diversity

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit www.razibkhan.comOn this episode of Unsuperivsed Learning Razib reviews two big stories he has followed and written about on this Substack in 2025, Indo-European origins and how genomics has illuminated human evolution.* Two Steppes forward, one step back: parsing our Indo-European past* The cave where it happened: Denisova cavern’s congress of ancient peoples* The wandering Fulani: children of the Green Sahara* John Hawks and Chris Stringer: Neanderthals, Denisovans and humans, oh my!* Re-writing the human family tree one skull at a time* John Hawks: varieties of humankind all mixed-up* Cesar Fortes-Lima: the Fulani out of the Green Sahara* Lost Green Saharans: ancient DNA unearths a new race from a verdant North African interlude* Homo with a side of sapiens: the brainy silent partner we co-opted 300,000 years ago* Bonus monologue: man the hybrid monster* Bonus monologue: ancient North Africans and the Green Sahara