Muslim Conquest of Egypt

In this episode, we explore the Muslim conquest of Egypt between 639 and 646 CE, when Rashidun forces led by Amr ibn al-As defeated Byzantine rule and brought centuries of Greco-Roman dominance to an end. We trace the capture of major strongholds, including the Babylon Fortress and Alexandria, examine the sieges, reinforcements, and treaties that secured Muslim control, and consider the failed Byzantine counterattack. The episode also looks at the founding of Fustat as the new administrative capital, the fiscal and governmental reforms introduced by the conquerors, and the gradual cultural and religious transformation that reshaped Egypt for centuries.