EPISODE · Jan 11, 2024 · 8 MIN
南怀瑾带你穿越千年中国文化奥秘 /9、秦汉至两宋的儒家演变
from 在北大听到的24堂历史课
秦汉阶段战国开始,除孟子以外,由儒家衍出的如荀子儒术,便大大不同于曾子、子思传承的道贯。且在由孔子所订定的六经(诗、书、易、礼、乐、春秋)的传授上,也各自主守师承,显现了分歧。到了秦始皇统一天下,用荀子的弟子李斯为相,建立以法治为主的政权,至此完全舍弃周鲁儒家的典范。因此在秦、汉交替的七十年间,所谓儒家经世之学几乎命如悬丝,虽不绝,但如缕。刘汉兴起初期,旧史所称誉的文景之治,它的文化政治精神,大体上是以黄(黄帝)老(老子)的道家思想和刑名(法治)相掺杂为主体。传到汉武帝时代,才有所谓“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”的时势出现。如果站在现代思维,评论汉武帝时代的文化历史演变,对于“罢黜百家”之学的得失成败,实在难下定论。但自汉武帝到汉宣帝以后,汉朝政权政府中公、卿、大夫、士、吏等各阶层的人才,大致来讲,确实多是文学彬彬之士,蔚成一代风规。
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