Neurological Involvements of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Clinical Review

This comprehensive clinical review examines the extensive neurological complications associated with multiple myeloma, ranging from common peripheral nerve damage to rare central nervous system involvement. The text details how peripheral neuropathy frequently arises from both the disease itself and neurotoxic treatments like bortezomib, often requiring dose adjustments or shifts to subcutaneous administration. Beyond nerve damage, the sources outline critical emergencies such as epidural spinal cord compression and metabolic issues like hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Specialized conditions, including AL amyloidosis, POEMS syndrome, and leptomeningeal disease, are analyzed regarding their unique diagnostic markers and survival rates. Modern management strategies are highlighted, emphasizing the use of immunotherapies, radiation, and targeted systemic drugs to improve patient outcomes. Ultimately, the text serves as a detailed guide for identifying and treating the diverse neuropsychiatric and physical impairments that affect this patient population.