Newcastle in the 1800s: From Penal Settlement to Coalopolis - Pt1

In the 19th century, Newcastle evolved from a remote convict outpost into a thriving coal powerhouse — a true “coalopolis.” Society member Julie Keating digs into the mines, sails through treacherous harbours, and walks the streets laid out by early planners, revealing the people, places, and power struggles that shaped Newcastle.