Nobody Does Evil on Purpose. Really?

Stoicism says nobody does wrong on purpose: every bad act begins in a mistaken judgement about what is good. But does that survive contact with clear-eyed cruelty, compulsive habit and modern moral psychology?I test the claim against Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Medea, research on psychopathy and the Stoics' own internal disagreement. Then I keep the practical part that still works: catching one assent before it hardens into action.Sources and further reading:- Epictetus, Discourses 1.28 and 2.17- Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 2.1, 7.26 and 11.18- Cicero, On Fate 42-43- Aharoni, Sinnott-Armstrong and Kiehl, “Can Psychopathic Offenders Discern Moral Wrongs?” (2012)- Aharoni, Sinnott-Armstrong and Kiehl, “What's Wrong? Moral Understanding in Psychopathic Offenders” (2014)- Kühn and Gallinat, “Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated With Pornography Consumption” (2014)- Grubbs et al., “Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence” (2019)Free 7-Day Stoic Challenge: stoicchallenge.coThe Stoic Vault: stoicvault.com