“Operation Popeye” and HAARP are Not to Blame for Hurricanes Milton & Helene

Meteorology Matters looks into how HAARP and Cloud Seeding did not create or drive Hurricanes Helene and Milton by providing a review of 43 studies published between 2012 and 2021 that examine conspiracy theories related to weather modification and climate change. The review provides insights into the prevalence, characteristics, and potential consequences of weather and climate change conspiracy theories, as well as exploring the science that debunks those theories. We identify knowledge gaps in existing research, emphasizing the need for greater geographic representation, improved conceptualization of the topic, and a more integrative approach that considers multiple factors and processes involved in the interplay between conspiracy theories and weather/climate change.