Paediatrics: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Free MSRA Podcast

⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)🎧 A concise, high-yield breakdown of hip instability in infants – perfect for MSRA prep and paediatric practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• DDH refers to abnormal development of the hip joint, ranging from shallow sockets (dysplasia) to full dislocation.• Formerly called "congenital dislocation of the hip", DDH is now used to reflect the developmental spectrum.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Multifactorial – genetic, hormonal, and mechanical influences• Key risk factors:– Female sex (6× more likely)– Firstborn child– Breech presentation (esp. vaginal)– Oligohydramnios– Family history of DDH– Swaddling legs tightly in extension/adduction– Neuromuscular disorders (e.g. CP, arthrogryposis)Mnemonic: “F-F-BOWS” = Female, Firstborn, Breech, Oligohydramnios, Wrapping (swaddling), Sibling with DDH📌 Pathophysiology• Shallow acetabulum = poor containment of femoral head• Leads to hip joint instability and potential dislocation📌 Symptoms• Neonates:– Asymmetric skin folds– Limited/uneven hip abduction– Positive Ortolani (out-to-in) or Barlow (provokes dislocation) test• 3–6 months:– Positive Galeazzi sign (knee height discrepancy)– External rotation or buttock flattening• Toddlers:– Limp or toe walking– Waddling gait (if bilateral)📌 Differential Diagnosis• Septic arthritis• Transient synovitis• Perthes disease• Neuromuscular conditions• Muscular torticollis📌 Diagnosis• Clinical exam at birth and 6–8 week check• Ultrasound: 1st line <6 months (visualises cartilage)• X-ray: >4–6 months (ossification center present)• Arthrogram/MRI: if complex case or surgery planned📌 Management• <6 months:– Pavlik harness (flexion + abduction)– Monitor mild cases with repeat imaging• 6–18 months:– Closed reduction ± adductor tenotomy– Hip spica cast• >18 months or failed reduction:– Open reduction ± osteotomies• Always:– Long-term follow-up to monitor acetabular development📌 Complications• Avascular necrosis (AVN)• Residual dysplasia• Re-dislocation• Osteoarthritis in adulthood📌 Prognosis• Excellent if treated early (most have normal hip function)• Late or missed diagnosis = ↑ risk of long-term disability, early hip replacement📎 More MSRA Resources for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip📝 Revision Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/development-dysplasia-of-the-hip-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/development-dysplasia-of-the-hip-flashcards/💬 Accordion Q&A Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/development-dysplasia-of-the-hip-accordion-qa-notes/🚀 Rapid Quiz:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/development-dysplasia-of-the-hip-rapid-quiz/🎓 Full Course:https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/paediatrics-for-the-msra/📝 Quiz Access:https://www.passthemsra.com/quizzes/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip/Hashtags#MSRA #MSRARevision #MSRAQuiz #MSRAFlashcards #MSRAQandANotes #DevelopmentalDysplasiaOfTheHip #DDH #PaediatricsMSRA #GPTraining #MSRAOnlineRevision #MSRARevisionWebsite