Paediatrics: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Free MSRA Podcast

🦵 FREE MSRA PODCAST – Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): Early Diagnosis, Risks & Lifelong ImpactThis focused episode gives you the complete revision rundown on Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)—from definition and risk factors to diagnosis, management, and long-term complications. Essential listening for MSRA prep or clinical practice!🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• DDH describes a spectrum of abnormal hip joint development, from mild acetabular shallowness to complete hip dislocation• Instability can develop before or after birth, and may progress during infancy📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Most cases are multifactorial: genetic predisposition plus environmental and mechanical factors• Major risk factors: – Female gender (6x more common than in males) – Breech presentation (especially vaginal delivery) – Firstborn status – Family history (parent/sibling) – Birth weight >5kg – Oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid) – Associated foot deformities (e.g. calcaneovalgus)• Additional risks: maternal hormones (relaxin), neuromuscular disorders (e.g. cerebral palsy), tight swaddling📌 Memory Aid:Six Bs and an F:Baby girl, Breech, Birth order (firstborn), Big baby, Bilateral/left-sided, Bad family history, Foot deformity📌 Clinical Features• Infants (<3 months): – Hip instability on exam (Barlow/Ortolani positive) – Limited hip abduction – Leg length discrepancy – Asymmetric skin folds• Older infants/children: – Limp, waddling gait, toe walking, positive Galleazzi sign – Leg length difference, lumbar lordosis, delayed walking – “4 Ls”: Limp, Limited abduction, Leg length difference, Lines (asymmetrical creases)📌 Diagnosis• Clinical: Newborn checks—Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres• Imaging: – Ultrasound: for infants <4.5 months (dynamic, non-radiation) – X-ray: after ossification (>4-6 months) – Advanced imaging (CT/MRI) for complex or surgical cases📌 Management• Early diagnosis = best outcomes• Pavlik harness (first-line for infants <6 months): holds hip in flexion and abduction• Observation in mild/stable cases, with close follow-up• Surgery: If harness fails or in older infants/children—closed reduction, tenotomy, osteotomy as needed• Follow-up: Clinical and imaging checks to monitor hip development and stability📌 Complications• Untreated or late-diagnosed DDH leads to: – Early-onset osteoarthritis – Hip pain, limp, leg length discrepancy, disability – Major cause of hip replacement in adults <60• Treatment complications: redislocation, avascular necrosis (AVN), joint stiffness📌 Prognosis• Early, accurate diagnosis and intervention are crucial• Most children do well with prompt management, but lifelong monitoring may be required📎 More MSRA Resources for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip:📝 Revision Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip-flashcards/💬 Accordion Q&A: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip-accordion-qa-notes/🚀 Rapid Quiz: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip-rapid-quiz/🎓 Paediatrics Course: https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/paediatrics-for-the-msra/#MSRA #MSRARevision #MSRATextbook #MSRAQuiz #MSRAQuestionBank #MSRAFlashcards #MSRAQandANotes #MSRAAccordions #Paediatrics #DevelopmentalDysplasiaOfTheHip #Orthopaedics