Paediatrics: Hypospadias: Free MSRA Podcast

⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Hypospadias🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common congenital penile abnormality – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinical scenarios.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• Hypospadias is a congenital malformation where the urethral opening is found on the underside (ventral) of the penis, rather than at the tip.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Multifactorial: genetic + environmental factors• Family history: 5–15% risk in male siblings• Maternal risk factors:Advanced maternal ageExposure to hormones or certain medications in pregnancyLow birth weight📌 Pathophysiology• Caused by incomplete fusion of urethral folds during fetal development• Results in ectopic ventral urethral meatus and often chordee (downward curvature)📌 Symptoms• Abnormal urinary stream (spraying, poor aim)• Ventral urethral opening (anywhere from glans to scrotum)• Hooded foreskin (incomplete ventrally)• Chordee (ventral curvature of penis)• Mnemonic: “HUCC” – Hypospadias, Urinary stream, Chordee, Curved foreskin📌 Differential Diagnosis• Epispadias – dorsal (upper) urethral opening• Concealed (buried) penis – normal urethra but hidden by tissue• Disorders of sexual development📌 Diagnosis• Clinical examination – visible ventral meatus, curvature, hooded foreskin• Check for associations:Cryptorchidism (10%)Inguinal hernia• Ultrasound if upper tract anomalies suspected• Avoid circumcision before specialist review📌 Management• Refer to paediatric urology• Surgical correction: Typically performed at ~12 monthsAllows for adequate penile growthImproves urinary function, cosmetic appearance, and preserves fertility• Do not circumcise before surgery – foreskin may be needed for repair• Mild distal cases may not require surgery📌 Complications• Urethral stricture• Fistula formation• Persistent/recurrent chordee• Cosmetic dissatisfaction• Psychological impact• Long-term follow-up essential for early detection📌 Prognosis• Generally excellent with surgery• Success depends on severity, associated abnormalities, and surgical technique• Some may require re-do operations📎 More MSRA Resources for Hypospadias📝 Revision Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/hypospadias-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/hypospadias-flashcards/💬 Accordion Q&A Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/hypospadias-accordion-qa-notes/🚀 Rapid Quiz:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/hypospadias-rapid-quiz/🎓 Full Course:https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/paediatrics-for-the-msra/Hashtags#MSRA #MSRARevision #MSRATextbook #MSRAQuiz #MSRAQuestionBank #MSRAFlashcards #MSRAQandANotes #MSRAAccordions #MultiSpecialtyRecruitmentAssessment #MSRAOnlineRevision #MSRARevisionWebsite #Paediatrics #Hypospadias