Paediatrics: Necrotising Enterocolitis: Free MSRA Podcast

⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC)🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this neonatal GI emergency in preterms – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinical scenarios.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• A serious inflammatory bowel condition in neonates, especially preterm, involving bowel wall necrosis and bacterial invasion.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Prematurity (especially <32 weeks or <1500g)• Formula feeding (breast milk is protective)• Intestinal ischaemia• Chorioamnionitis, maternal HIV, placental abruption• Respiratory support, congenital abnormalities💡 Mnemonic: “PRIMED GUT” – Prematurity, Resp support, Ischaemia, Milk (formula), Enteric flora, Drug exposure, GI defects, Unstable perfusion, Term risk (rare)📌 Pathophysiology• Immature gut + poor perfusion → mucosal injury• Bacterial invasion → inflammation• Gas formation in bowel wall (pneumatosis)• Potential perforation, peritonitis📌 Symptoms• Abdominal distension• Bloody stools• Feeding intolerance• Lethargy, temperature instability, apnoea💡 Mnemonic: “BABIES” – Bloating, Apnoea, Bloody stool, Intolerance (feeds), Erythema (abdomen), Sepsis📌 Differential Diagnosis• Sepsis• Volvulus• Intussusception• Meconium ileus• Pseudomembranous colitis• Hirschsprung’s disease• G6PD deficiency• Reflux📌 Diagnosis• X-ray: Pneumatosis intestinalis, bowel dilation, free air• Bloods: ↑CRP, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, acidosis• Ultrasound: Bowel perfusion, wall thickening• Staging: Bell’s criteria guides severity💡 Quick Tip: Pneumoperitoneum = emergency surgery!📌 Management• NPO (nil by mouth) + NG decompression• Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics (10–14 days)• IV fluids, analgesia, supportive care• Surgery for perforation or necrotic bowel• Peritoneal drain if unstable/small• Gradual refeeding after 7–10 days💡 Mnemonic: “NIPS” – NBM, IV antibiotics, Parenteral nutrition, Surgery if needed📌 Complications• Intestinal strictures• Short bowel syndrome• Neurodevelopmental delay• Growth and nutritional failure• Death (mortality up to 30%)📌 Prognosis• Mortality 20–30%• High risk of long-term GI and neurodevelopmental issues in survivors• Human milk significantly reduces risk📎 More MSRA Resources for Necrotising Enterocolitis📝 Revision Notes:👉 https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/necrotising-enterocolitis-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards:👉 https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/necrotising-enterocolitis-flashcards/💬 Accordion Q&A Notes:👉 https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/necrotising-enterocolitis-accordion-qa-notes/🚀 Rapid Quiz:👉 https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/necrotising-enterocolitis-rapid-quiz/🎓 Full Course:👉 https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/paediatrics-for-the-msra/#MSRA #MSRARevision #MSRATextbook #MSRAQuiz #MSRAQuestionBank #MSRAFlashcards #MSRAQ&ANotes #MSRAAccordions #MultiSpecialityRecruitmentAssessment #MSRAOnlineRevision #MSRARevisionWebsite #NecrotisingEnterocolitis #NEC #PaediatricsMSRA #NeonatalEmergency