Parsonage-Turner Syndrome: A Comprehensive Clinical Review

Parsonage-Turner syndrome, also known as neuralgic amyotrophy, is a frequently misdiagnosed peripheral nerve disorder characterized by sudden, intense shoulder pain followed by muscle weakness and atrophy. While historically considered a rare and temporary condition, contemporary research reveals it is far more prevalent and can cause long-term disability and persistent fatigue. The condition is believed to be immune-mediated, often triggered by infections, physical trauma, or genetic predispositions, specifically involving the SEPT9 mutation. Diagnosis is primarily clinical but is increasingly supported by advanced imaging, such as ultrasound and MRI, which can detect unique nerve constrictions. While corticosteroids may offer early pain relief, long-term management focuses on specialized rehabilitation and, in severe cases, surgical intervention to address structural nerve damage. These updated insights emphasize that early recognition is vital for improving patient outcomes and preventing chronic functional loss.