Portuguese-Safavid Wars

In this episode, we explore the Portuguese–Safavid wars, a prolonged struggle between the Portuguese Empire and Safavid Iran for control of the Persian Gulf and its profitable trade routes. Beginning with Portugal’s conquest of Hormuz in 1507, the conflict centered on strategic ports and islands such as Bahrain, Qeshm, and Hormuz, which supported Portuguese maritime power in the region. We examine how Shah Abbas I strengthened Safavid resistance, formed an alliance with English forces, and recaptured Hormuz in 1622, dealing a major blow to Portuguese influence. The episode also considers later confrontations, including the defense of Basra, the role of shifting local and international alliances, and the gradual decline of Portuguese naval authority, culminating in their final military action in 1728.