Renal: Chronic Kidney Disease: Free MSRA Podcast

⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this common, progressive cause of kidney dysfunction – perfect for exam prep and clinical practice.🧠 Key Learning Points📌 Definition• CKD is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function over months/years.• Defined by eGFR <60 or markers of kidney damage (e.g. albuminuria) for >3 months.📌 Causes & Risk Factors• Top 5 causes:Diabetic nephropathyHypertensionChronic glomerulonephritisChronic pyelonephritisPolycystic kidney disease• Risk factors:Diabetes, HTN, obesity, smokingAge >60, family historyCVDEthnicity (higher risk in Black, Asian, Hispanic)📌 Pathophysiology• Gradual nephron loss → ↓ filtration capacity• Driven by:FibrosisChronic inflammationOxidative stressMicrovascular changes• Results in fluid/electrolyte imbalances + waste retention📌 Symptoms• Often asymptomatic in early stages• Later features:FatigueNocturiaSwelling (oedema)Pruritus, nausea, anorexiaSOB, muscle crampsUraemic foetor (ammonia breath)🧠 Clue: Nocturia is an early sign of CKD📌 Differential Diagnosis• Acute kidney injury (AKI)• Acute-on-chronic kidney injury• Diabetic nephropathy• Polycystic kidney disease• Obstructive uropathy📌 Diagnosis• eGFR <60 for >3 months = CKD• Urine ACR – to assess proteinuria• Bloods: U&Es, FBC, phosphate, calcium, bicarbonate• Imaging: Renal USS for size/scarring• Biopsy if uncertain cause🧠 Tip: Combine GFR + ACR for accurate risk stratification📌 Management• Prescribing:ACEi/ARB – especially if ACR raisedStatins – CV risk reductionSGLT2 inhibitors – kidney + cardiac protectionVitamin D, phosphate binders, bicarbonate as needed• Non-Prescribing:Smoking cessation, weight loss, dietary advice↓ sodium, phosphate, protein intake• Monitoring:Regular eGFR + ACR checksAdjust meds for renal function• Referral to nephrology if:GFR <30 (Stage 4–5)Rapid progression (↓GFR ≥25% or ≥15mL/year)Refractory hypertensionACR ≥70Unclear cause or suspected renal artery stenosis📌 Complications• Anaemia• Metabolic acidosis• Secondary hyperparathyroidism / CKD-MBD• Fluid overload• Hyperkalaemia• Cardiovascular disease• Progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)📌 Prognosis• Variable – depends on cause, stage, progression• Early detection + optimal BP/glucose control can slow progression• CKD is a major risk factor for CV mortality📎 More MSRA Resources for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)📝 Revision Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-revision-notes/🧠 Flashcards: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-flashcards/💬 Accordion Q&A Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-accordion-qa-notes/🚀 Rapid Quiz: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-rapid-quiz/🎓 Full Course: https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/renal-for-the-msra/Hashtags#MSRA #MSRARevision #MSRATextbook #MSRAQuiz #MSRAQuestionBank #MSRAFlashcards #MSRAQ&ANotes #MSRAAccordions #MultiSpecialityRecruitmentAssessment #MSRAOnlineRevision #MSRARevisionWebsite #Renal #ChronicKidneyDisease