From Spotify Studios, this is Dissect, long-form musical analysis broken into short digestible episodes. I'm your host, Cole Kushner. Today we continue our serialized analysis of D.A.M. by Kendrick Lamar.
Over our last two episodes, we dissected the album's second track, DNA, triggered by Fox News' mockery of his music and message. Kendrick both defended and dissected the composite parts in his DNA, the biological inheritance he received from his parents, and the cultural inheritance he received from Compton and Hip Hop. We heard how this dual inheritance steers Kendrick's intuition toward the pursuit of sex, money, and violence. And while Kendrick's examination of these traits began as a personal exploration, we saw how that scope evolved over the course of the song, ultimately ending with the proclamation that sex, money, and murder, i.e.
less greed and wrath, our inherited traits encoded in the DNA of all humans. In terms of the album's narrative, DNA and its predecessor blood are in essence precursory scenes in the story about to unfold over damn. Both tracks help establish the thematic framework the narrative will be constructed upon. As you know, blood presented our choice between wickedness and weakness, and the life or death consequences of our decision.
DNA established the position that were all born within a ray of both positive and negative traits in our DNA, and that the development or underdevelopment of certain traits are determined by our upbringing, environment, and historical circumstances. Like we heard in DNA, Kendrick inherited an intuition that tilts towards wickedness, and he specifically points out that he lacks the ability to forgive, a critical component of choosing weakness. This was exemplified in Kendrick's assault on Fox News, something we saw as indicative of his inability to forgive his enemies. The chaotic, turbulent nature of DNA, and the aggressive manner in which Kendrick reacted to his critics, made clear that a multitude of external influences were causing a number of internal debates, something that continues in the album's next track, The Subject of Our Episode Today, YAH.
I got so many theories and suspicions, I got those for real nigga conditions, today is the day. YAH is written to produce by Kendrick Lamar DJ Dai in Soundwave, with additional production by Beacon. YAH's minimalistic production revolves around a sample of Billy Paul's 1976 song, How Good Is Your Game. The sample undergoes a dramatic transformation.
First, it's reversed, that is, it's played backwards. Next, the pitch of the track is lowered, about 10 semitones down from the original. This also slows the sample's tempo. From this, two small excerpts are extracted and then spliced together to create a loop.
X-air one sounds like this. The second excerpt sounds like this. Spliced together, the two create this loop. This sample is in place over a moderate-temple drum loop.
Finally, a subtle synthesizer is added to fill out the middle register. And thus, we get the main musical elements of the song YAH. Now, there's something I want to call to your attention in this track, and that's the use of a reversed or backwards playing sound source. As we'll come to see throughout our analysis of DAM, the use of reversed sounds will become a reoccurring sonic motif, something that we'll hear over and over again.
This relates directly to both the theme of reversing the curses of your biological and circumstantial inheritance, and the eventual realization that the album is intended to be played in reverse order. With this in mind, let's listen to the opening moments of the song YAH. The first voice we hear on YAH is that of legendary New York DJ Kid Capri. Kid Capri was eight years old when he started DJing block parties in the Bronx, New York, during the early years of the hip-hop movement in the mid-1970s.
By the mid-80s, Kid Capri was one of the hottest DJs in the New York City nightclub scene. Kid Capri became a legend soon after when the mixtapes of his DJ set started to reach a mass audience. In an interview with Zane Lowe, Kendrick explained that he decided to include Kid Capri on DAM to capture the raw elements of hip-hop from that era. Kendrick's attempt to evoke the spirit of hip-hop from a bygone era ties directly into the themes we discussed in DNA.
Specifically, Kendrick's hip-hop inheritance he defended when Fox News mocked hip-hop and claimed it responsible for Black people's problems. Kendrick is paying homage to his culture on inheritance with inclusion of Kid Capri, a recurring voice we'll hear throughout DAMM. Here on YAH, the first words Kid Capri says are kung-fu-kenny. This signal is a kind of formal beginning of the narrative of DAMM, and introduces the narrative's main character.
As we discussed at the top of the episode, Blood and DNA act as preface, a setup, helping to establish the themes and motifs that will serve as the thematic structural basis of the album. Here on YAH, we're meeting the narrative's protagonist Kung-fu-kenny, a character who resembles Kendrick, or is perhaps an exaggerated version of aspects of his personality. Now, there's ample evidence to suggest that the narrative told on DAMM that begins here on YAH, is based on, inspired by, or is a modern retelling of a biblical story about a prophet named Jonah. As we've discussed at length this season, Kendrick views himself as a prophet, as Yeshua's new weapon, whose purpose is to share the word of God and freeze people from mental slavery.
We heard Kendrick declare himself as such in Mortal Man, the final song unto Pippa Butterfly that leads directly into DAMM. We also heard this idea reinforced in Blood, which contains a prophetic declaration about wickedness and weakness, as well as a parable that seems to allude to the assassination of a prophet. Kendrick's prophetic role was also mentioned in DNA, most specifically with the lines that ended verse 1, salute the truth when the prophets say. Thus, the stage seems to be set for the narrative of DAMM, a story about a prophet named Kung-fu-kenny, who is prepared for fight or flight.
So too is Jonah, a conflicted prophet who rejects God's call, and subsequently finds himself suffering a number of consequences. As we'll see throughout this season, the story of Kung-fu-kenny and the story of Jonah contain enough similarities for us to conclude that the narrative of DAMM was at least in part inspired by Jonah. As such, it behooves us to get familiar with his story, so that we may use it as a point of reference over the course of the season. Like we'll eventually realize about DAMM, the book of Jonah can be neatly divided into two distinct halves.
Today, we're going to focus solely on the first half of the story. Here we meet an Israelite prophet named Jonah, who lived in the 7th century BCE. At the time, the land of Israel was under the constant harassment and impending conquest for the Assyrian Empire, an empire which at the time was the greatest and most violent military power that the world had ever known. The military received its orders from the king of Assyria, who ruled from the capital city of Nineveh.
To address the violence and injustice caused by Nineveh, God calls Jonah and tells him, quote, the wickedness of Nineveh has come to my attention. God then commands Jonah to go to Nineveh and condemn the violence and injustice that the people have committed. However, Jonah refuses to answer God's call because he would prefer God to destroy his enemies without warning. Thus, Jonah flees, avoiding God's call by getting on a boat sailing in the opposite direction from Nineveh.
In order to stop Jonah's escape, God sends a storm that endangers the ship Jonah is aboard. The ship's fearful sailors sense that this storm is not normal, so they encourage everyone on the ship to pray to their gods. They soon rightly determine that Jonah's God is the one who sent the storm. Jonah reveals to the crew members that he follows a God named YHWH, but is nonetheless attempting to run away from him.
Rather than turn around, Jonah suggests that the sailors throw him into the sea so that the storm will stop, which they reluctantly agree to do. Jonah's death seems eminent, as he sings towards the bottom of the sea, a fish swallows him. After three days in the belly of the beast, a phrase that you'll remember was used on DNA. Jonah is suddenly conscious and vows that he'll answer God's original call if God raises him out of his watery grave.
The first half of Jonah's story ends with God causing the fish to vomit Jonah up onto the dry land. While we'll outline the second half of Jonah's story later this season, what we should take away from the story's first half is threefold. First, Jonah is a prophet who rejects God's call to condemn the injustice of the Assyrian nation. Second, this initial refusal was influenced by Jonah's lack of forgiveness and causes him much danger in suffering.
His ship is hit by God's storm, he's thrown overboard, and nearly dies after spending time in the belly of the beast. Third, even when Jonah agreed to answer God's original call, he did so reluctantly, and only after his life was in danger. As we'll see in the first half of Dam's narrative, our prophet Kung Fu Kenny is going to receive a call from God. Like Jonah, Kenny's rejection of this call is caused by his refusal to forgive his enemies.
Like Jonah, Kenny's rejection of God's commandments will cause him much turmoil suffering and confusion. Finally, like the conclusion of the first half of Jonah's story, we'll find Kenny at the conclusion of Dam's first half, acknowledging God and agreeing to his original call. So with all this in mind, let's dive head first into the narrative of Dam, beginning with the opening lines of YAH. Kenny begins verse 1 by saying, I got so many theories and suspicions.
At the onset of the song, it's unclear what exactly it's being referred to here. But as the song progresses, all signs will indicate Kenny here is talking about his suspicions about the ways of the world, specifically about how God governs the universe. It seems to imply a lack of faith, something we saw Kendrick address as far back as the song Faith from the Kendrick Lamar EP. As Kenny says, I'm diagnosed with real n-word conditions.
A diagnosis typically refers to the identification of an involuntary illness, so we suspect something more than doubt is plaguing Kenny. But what exactly are real n-word conditions? The answer seems coded throughout the history of hip-hop culture. For decades, calling someone a real n-word has been one of the most common ways to distinguish certain men as being authentic and worthy of great honor.
But what exactly makes someone a real n-word? Well, listen to enough hip-hop songs and you'll start to notice some common themes. On his 2013 song, Trouble, J. Cole claimed that real n-words try to fuck.
I said, lick all of my breath. Get to his auto, my sack. I said, real n- If you observe how the term real n-word is used within hip-hop lyrics, you'll see that a man is considered to be a real n-word if he is successful in his pursuits of sex, money, and murder, the very same traits that Kenny outlined in DNA. Since Kenny grew up hearing these pursuits glorified in hip-hop and his community, it would seem that Kenny is now conditioned to accept the stereotypical definition of a real n-word, which is immediately put on display as Yaw's first verse continues.
Kenny says, Today is the day I follow my intuition. Keep the family close, get money, fuck bitches. Kenny makes a conscious, intentional decision to follow his intuition. That is, rely on his own understanding without reasoning through his choices.
This leads him directly towards sex and money, two of the three pursuits in the unholy trinity of real n-word conditions. We can see how this ties into not only the previous line about real n-word conditions, but also has an extension of the song DNA. If sex, money, and murder are encoded and cultivated traits in his DNA, then his intuition will lead him to pursue those things if he doesn't make an engaged and continued effort to correct himself. Kenny also says he wants to keep his family close.
On the surface, that seems to be a positive pursuit. However, it remains unclear just how Kenny plans to keep his family together. This will be explored more in the album's next song, Element, where it will become very clear his methods include lethal violence. As Yaw continues, we learn more about the attributes of our protagonist Kenny, and how his decision to follow his intuition has him acting selfishly.
More on this, right after the break. Welcome back to Dissect. Before the break, we discuss the opening lines of Yaw's first verse. Kenny had just been diagnosed with real n-word conditions, and proclaimed his intent to follow his intuition towards sex, money, and murder, the very same traits listed in DNA.
As Yaw's first verse continues, we see some of the results of Kenny's selfish pursuit. Kenny wraps a double park that asked in the red. Aston here refers to Aston Martin, a brand of luxury sports cars that retail up to $300,000. Without any clear reason, Kenny has parked his expensive car in a way that blocks others from entering or exiting a parking space.
As if that's not selfish enough, Kenny is also parking in the red, referring to the space reserved for emergency vehicles. This line shows the arrogance and self-serving behavior that Kenny seems to have developed since deciding to follow his intuition. We also note that in the red refers to a bank account that's in debt. This interpretation may signal that following his intuition has pushed Kenny into a kind of debt.
He's become morally bankrupt. Next, Kenny says, my mama told me that I'm a work myself to death. This line seems to indicate Kenny has become fully consumed by his work. His long hours are likely motivated by his intuition to get more money.
Kenny may feel that making more money is the only sure way to keep his family together. Ironically though, his obsessive focus on work seems to be keeping him away from his family and exposing him to constant temptations. We actually see evidence of one of Kenny's main sources of temptation in the next line. My girl told me don't let these hoes get in my head.
Kenny's wealth, status as greatest rapper, and long trips on tour afford him seemingly endless opportunities to have sex with any number of women. Kendra himself has historically shown a considerable amount of loyalty to his fiancé Whitney, who he's dated since high school and became engaged to in 2015. Kenny's girl seems to be aware of the temptations that Kenny faces on a daily basis and offers him a gentle warning not to let his lust interfere with his commitment to the people he values most. When coupled with the advice from his mother, we see how Kenny's loved ones are offering him solid advice.
They clearly have his best interests in mind. Yet he continues to be swayed by external temptations and his internal intuition. As the first verse transitions into the chorus, we learn how Kenny's environment contributes to the signal failure that prohibits his family's messages to get fully through to him. In the final line of verse 1, Kenny says, my world been ecstatic.
I checked the signal that read. On the surface, ecstatic seems to indicate that Kenny's world has provided him with a feeling of ecstasy, likely due to his pursuits of pleasures like money and women. But we also recognize the internal word play of static within the word the static. Static refers to interference in telecommunication systems, typically caused by two competing signal sources or being physically located somewhere that obstructs communication from a desired source.
This play on the word static becomes central in the final line of verse 1 in which Kenny says, I checked the signal that read. He seems to be trying to engage in some form of telecommunication. This leads us directly into the song's hook. The refrain here makes heavy use of the word yah, which of course is the song's title.
As we discussed in our last episode, the word yah refers to yahwe, the personal name of the god of Israel. Yahwe was the name by which God revealed himself to Moses. Yahwe then called Moses to be a prophet and sent him on a mission to lead the Israelites at a slavery. Unlike Jonah, Moses answered the initial call and became one of the greatest prophets of the Old Testament.
Given the repetition of the word yah, yahwe or god is apparently the signal source that seems to be dropping in and out of Kenny's radar. This idea seems to be in line with the biblical themes of prophets like Moses and Jonah being called by yahwe to carry out some specific act on God's behalf. Hence, the buzzing or prophet Kenny feels refers to the vibrations of his phones during an incoming call from God. The line check the signal that read, refers to Kenny checking his reception by looking at the signal bars to the top of his phone screen.
When Kenny looks at his phone, he sees the name of the incoming caller, yah, but the signal is weak, it's buzzing in and out, as Kenny is not in a place in his life to fully receive God's call. After the song's hook, yahwe continues with verse 2. Kenny begins verse 2 rapping, interviews 1 to no my thoughts and opinions, Fox News want to use my name for percentage. Kendrick has a complicated relationship with interviews, he doesn't give many of them, and when he does, he's thoughtful but guarded, never divulging too many details about his private life or the meaning behind his music.
Kenny contrasts interviews with dealing with Fox News. As we've heard in both blood and DNA, the host of Fox 5 dismissed and even condemned Kendrick's music, without attempting to interview him to get his perspective. Kenny believes that the only reason why Fox News brought up Kendrick's name was to increase their percentage or their TV ratings. Kenny continues his verse saying, my latest muse is my niece, she's worth living, see me on the TV and scream that's Uncle Kendrick.
Here, Kenny is referring to the daughter of Kendrick's younger sister. We last heard about Kendrick's sister on the song You from Tippa Butterfly. There, Kendrick revealed the turmoil he felt about not being around to prevent his sister from getting pregnant as a teenager. Despite the less than ideal circumstances regarding this pregnancy, Kenny makes it clear that he cherishes his niece and that her life has intrinsic worth.
Coming directly after the Fox News line, Kenny seems to imply that Fox News as the TV program has nieced him on. As he stated in the interview we just heard, Kendrick works hard to represent his community in the culture the right way, and slander from outlets like Fox skew the message he's crafted for young ones like his niece. As y'all continues, Kenny addresses directly the comments made by Geraldo Rivera we heard sampled on the bridge of DNA. Kenny wraps, somebody tells Geraldo this and we're got some ambition.
I'm not a politician, I'm not about a religion. I'm an Israelite, don't call me black no more, that world is only a color, it ain't facts no more. Kenny again confronts Fox News host Geraldo Rivera for not recognizing the heartfelt concerns for family and community that motivate Kenny's art. While Kenny's concerns often lead him to make numerous comments on politics and religion, he clarifies that the essence of his identity is not found in being a politician or a religious figure, nor is it as simple as the color of his skin.
Rather, Kenny identifies most closely with being an Israelite. We've previously mentioned a number of Israelite figures so far this season. However, given that Kenny is now defining himself as an Israelite, something that will come up again in the alms end, it seems crucial to understand how this name and identity came to be. The English word Israelite is a translation of a Hebrew word that means the children of Israel, referring to all the people who are descendants from a man named Israel.
Israel was originally called Jacob and was introduced in the first book of the Bible. Israel's desire for his father's blessing led him to steal the blessing from his brother. After Israel's brother planned to murder him in retaliation, Israel was forced into exile. Later in life, Israel ran into a divine being.
Israel wrestled with this divine being in order to force the divine being to bless him. It was at this point that his name was changed from Jacob, which means one who trips others, to Israel, which means one who wrestles with God. Israel was eventually blessed with a large family who grew into an entire ethnic group. However, the King of Egypt, Pharaoh, took advantage of this blessing and enslaved the descendants of Israel for manual labor.
In response, Yahweh God called Moses to be a prophet who would lead the Israelites out of slavery and into the Promised Land. Kenny's declaration that he's an Israelite is a bit surprising since Kenny does not seem to have any hereditary ties to this ancient group. However, similar to the way that Kenny saw parallels between himself and the prophet Moses, Kenny likely sees similarities between African-Americans and Israelites, specifically that both ethnic groups had defined themselves as people who were freed from slavery. We also suspect that Kenny's claim to be an Israelite goes all the way back to the original meaning of the name Israel, one who wrestles with God.
As we heard in the opening of Yah, Kenny has his own theories and suspicions and will continue to wrestle with his choice between answering God's call or following his own intuition. In this way, it seems likely that one of the main functions of Yah within the narrative of Dam is to establish Kung Fu Kenny as a character who will engage in hand-to-hand combat, just like Israel engage in hand-to-hand combat with a mysterious divine being. As Yah continues, so did the blatant references to biblical stories. Kenny wraps, my cousin called, my cousin Carl Duckworth said no my worth, and due to the ironically say that we all have been cursed.
Here, Kenny gives a passing introduction to another family member, his cousin Carl Duckworth. Without giving us much context, Kenny simply relays two statements of admonishment from his cousin. The first statement exhorts Kenny to know his worth, assuming that Carl is aware of how hard his cousin has been working to get money, it would seem that Carl wanted to remind Kenny that his self-worth is not defined by his bank account. The other statement Carl makes is that due to the ironically say we all have been cursed.
As we touched on in our analysis of the song Faith Back in Episode 1, the biblical narrative is essentially a lengthy epic that explores why life on earth is cursed and how God plans to reverse those curses into blessings. Carl makes specific reference to Deuteronomy, a book in the Bible that records Moses' farewell speech he gave to the Israelites. Remember, Moses was called upon by God to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt and lead them into the Promised Land. In his speech, Moses summarizes all of God's commandments he had given the Israelites during their 40-year journey from Egypt through their wilderness.
Moses encouraged the Israelites to follow these commandments from God if they wanted to experience blessings. These blessings were primarily centered around assurances of abundant crops, livestock, and children. But Moses also warned that if the Israelites refused to follow the commandments, they would experience curses. These curses involved the death of crops, livestock, and children.
And if the Israelites continued to follow their own rebellious ways, Moses warned that it would lead to the curses of military conquest, exile, slavery, and mental insanity. And due to Ronomy's 30-19, Moses ends his speech saying, quote, I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, you and your descendants, by loving the Lord your God, by obeying his voice, and by remaining loyal to him, unquote. As we detail that length in our analysis of blood, the choice between life and death that Moses presents to the Israelites seems to be one of the main inspirations behind the opening line to the album.
Is it wickedness? Is it weakness? You decide. Are we going to live or die?
And so it's here and yah that many of the thematic seeds planted in dams opening to tracks blood and DNA are starting to bear fruit. Kendrick naming himself in Israelite, combined with the direct reference to Deuteronomy, confirms our claim that the wickedness, weakness dichotomy, and the respective past to life and death was inspired by Moses and the speech he gave to the Israelites we just referenced. Furthermore, because Kendrick clearly distinguishes himself as an Israelite, it implies that he's faced today with the same choices that Israelites were faced in the Bible. This choice between a blessed life of weakness by following God's commandments or a cursed life of wickedness by turning one's back on those commandments.
The song DNA established that sex, money, and murder, the unholy trinity of wickedness, is found in all of our DNA, implying that our existence is easily cursed by our intuitive pursuits of these vices. We also recognize that Kenny just admitted on yah he's been diagnosed with real inward conditions, a variation of the sex, money, murder motif, and that he's decided to follow his intuition to get more money in bitches. This implies that our protagonist Kenny is living a cursed existence. This idea of a cursed existence through the pursuit of vices and disobeying God's commandments is starting to provide clarity to the alms title, dam.
When used as a verb, the word dam means an essence to curse. As yah continues, we hear more direct references to biblical passages. Yah we curse, I know he walks the earth, but his money they get, bitches they hit, yah, zeros the flesh, temptation is, yah, first someone left, I can resist, yah. Kenny says, I know he walks the earth.
Here the pronoun he refers to the main subject of the song, yah weh. While the biblical authors tend to speak of God sitting in the heavens, there's also several key moments in which God walks the earth. The first instance occurs in the Bible's opening story about Adam, a word that in Hebrew means humanity. God gave humanity one commandment, don't eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil so that you will not die.
God even provided the tree of life as an alternative. However, humanity disobeyed God's one commandment. Rather than obeying God, they decided to experience good and evil for themselves so that they could follow their own intuition. However, once humanity gained experience with good and evil, the ecstasy of experiencing God was replaced with fear.
It's at this moment that the biblical narrator describes God walking the earth. In other words, our inclination is to choose wickedness and death rather than weakness and life. Ultimately, humanity then is cursed to an existence of endless struggle and suffering in order to sustain themselves. Fittingly, Kenny's acknowledgement of Yahweh walking the earth is followed by the lines, but it's money to get bitches to hit.
YAH! ZERO's to flip, temptation is YAH. First on my list, I can't resist. YAH!
Here Kenny displays the contrast between his faith and God and his faithlessness in life. Kenny's choice to follow his intuition has now made sex and money the first pursuits on his to-do list. Meanwhile, the name YAH punctuates each of these three lines, which seems to further reinforce the two competing signals in his head. One is his intuition to get money and bitches, the other is the voice of God and his commandments.
By the end of these lines, Kenny remains incapable of resisting temptation. It would seem that the past Kenny has chosen will invariably lead him to be encouraged. The question that remains is whether there's any way for the curse to be reversed into blessing. As the second verse transitions back into the chorus, Kenny provides us with one last conviction to hold on to.
He says, everyone together now know that we forever buzz in. In a similar move to the end of DNA, Kenny makes clear here at the end of verse 2 that his own conflict between his intuition and God as an internal battle we all face. The implication is that we all have these various signals chirping in our head, competing for our priority and intention. It's no mistake that these lines then directly lead into the final chorus, reminding us that radars are still buzzing, and thus YAHweh is trying to reach not only his rebellious prophet Kung Fu Kenny, but that YAHweh is still trying to reach each one of us.
I keep this guy, everyone together now know that we forever buzz in. Radars is buzzing. Conclusion YAH formally introduces Kung Fu Kenny, the protagonist of the story that will be told over the course of Dam. Kenny is a conflicted prophet who, like Jonah, is struggling to answer YAHweh or God's call.
As we speculated in previous episodes, this seems to be a direct connection to the conclusion of to pimp a butterfly wherein Kendrick acknowledged himself as a prophet who works to free his people from mental slavery. We now find our prophet choosing to follow his own intuition to pursue sex and money. On the song's hook, YAHweh's signal is cutting in and out, something we recognize as representing Kenny's battle between his desires for vices and upholding his position as prophet. Similar to DNA, YAH contains a number of key references to the Bible that clue us into his journey.
Specifically, he claimed himself to be an Israelite and references directly to Tarotami, the book that documents Moses' speech to the Israelites. In that speech, Moses lays before the Israelites a choice between life and death, between the blessing and the curse. As we discussed, the direct reference to this idea confirmed our suspicion that the wickedness weakness dichotomy that leads to life or death established on blood was a variation of the idea Moses articulated to the Israelites in Deuteronomy. Thus, Kenny's choice to follow his intuition and turn away from God's call on YAH seems to imply that he's about to enter the mental landscape of the wicked, of the cursed.
If the story of Jonah proves to be a model for Kung Fu Kenny's, we should expect this decision to come with it some great consequences. Ultimately, like DNA, the end of YAH contains a subtle nod to the universality of these ideas. It's a gentle reminder that while the story about to unfold on Dam is a specific story about Kung Fu Kenny, it's meant to reflect the universal story of all humans, and the choice Kendrick feels we all face when considering how to conduct ourselves in this life. Do we choose wickedness or weakness?
It seems clear that for now, Kung Fu Kenny's decision to follow his intuition has him flirting with the wicked, and by the sounds of the album's next track, it appears as if he's about to go all in. Of course, this brutal, no holds barred assault is element, a song will examine note by note, line by line, next time on DICEK. DICEK does produce by me for Spotify Studios. Today's episode was written by Fanny Olu-Tade and me, song recreations by Andrew Atwood, audio editing by Eric Bass and me, original theme music by B-Rocratic.
You can now stream all the original DICEK themes composed by B-Rocratic on Spotify, just click the link in the show notes. If you enjoyed DICEK, please tell a friend about the show, and be sure to say hi on Twitter and Instagram at DICEK Podcast. You can also purchase DICEK merchandise at DICEKPODCAST.com. Okay, thanks for listening everyone, I'll talk to you next episode.