S6E10｜都是缺芯，为什么汽车行业最难？ - What's Next｜科技早知道

What this episode covers

芯片为什么困扰全球汽车行业？The Verge 三月中旬报道，福特计划将一些与安全无关的系统从自家生产的汽车上拆除，以便省下每辆汽车所需要装载的芯片，今年计划购车的朋友将有机会亲身体验一把没有后座温度控制的福特探险者。而福特并不是唯一一家饱受车规级芯片短缺的整车厂，像宝马在去年年底就传出部分车型因缺芯而选择不搭载触摸屏的消息。自 2020 年开始，芯片短缺的问题在汽车制造业开始形成共识，包括大众、福特、通用、蔚来、理想在内的众多车企在 2021 年初就因为上游芯片的短缺而开始饱受停产和交付的困扰，咨询机构普遍预计，汽车业在 2021 年因芯片短缺而减产 770 到 900 万辆，AlixPartners 预估全球汽车行业在 2021 年总计损失 2100 亿美元营收。车规级芯片短缺的全球现象在今年会出现转机吗？本期节目，主播 Diane 邀请峰瑞资本合伙人杨永成，共同思考全球汽车行业芯片危机的背后原因。我们常说的芯片到底是什么？芯片行业为什么极其复杂？芯片供需调整为什么比其他行业都难？为何偏偏是汽车缺芯最严重？汽车制造商和芯片厂商都在进行哪些博弈？这样的危机对中国芯片行业又意味着哪些挑战和机遇？这期节目听完，你觉得今年买车是个好主意吗？温馨提示五一期间「科技早知道」停更，大家休假快乐！本期人物 Diane，「声动活泼」联合创始人，「科技早知道」主播杨永成，峰瑞资本合伙人，深科技领域投资人主要话题 [01:34] 为什么会芯片荒？ [07:40] 晶圆就需要全球化协作？ [12:33] 芯片确实在吸引更多资源和人才加入，但 know-how 是壁垒？ [19:19] 汽车最缺芯是因为适配芯片利润最低？ [28:29] 汽车芯片扩产其实也有办法？生产端和设计端有哪些博弈？ [33:35] 汽车芯片荒什么时候结束？突破点在哪里？ [40:20] 中国在芯片的下一步是？为什么不能说摩尔定律限制芯片行业未来的发展？延伸阅读「华尔街日报」关于台积电产能警告的报道：TSMC Warns of Tight Production Capacity, Prolonged Chip Shortage 「福布斯」关于全球面临汽车芯片荒的报道：Chip Shortage, Covid, War Make Car Options, Safety Assists Unavailable 「The Verge」关注福特探索者缺芯交付的报道：Ford to ship and sell Explorer SUVs with missing chips 英飞凌：Infineon Technologies，半导体巨头，1999 年从西门子集团的半导体部门中独立出来，总部位于德国慕尼黑，是车规级芯片的主要玩家，友商包括意法半导体、恩智浦、瑞萨、德州仪器等。晶圆：英文 Wafer，半导体晶体圆形片，是最常用的半导体材料，由普通硅砂提炼制成；全球晶圆的生产线主要以 8 英寸和 12 英寸为主，晶圆尺寸越大就意味着一块晶圆能生产的芯片越多，成本效益更高。碳纳米管：Carbon Nanotube，管状的碳分子，由日本筑波 NEC 在实验室的物理学家饭岛澄男在 1991 年发现，2013 年「Nature」报道斯坦佛大学用碳纳米管开发出的电脑「Cedric」，据说比硅晶电脑更有效率。使用音乐 Snooty Fox-Ritchie Everett Computer Wiz-Marten Moses 幕后制作监制：刘灿后期：Luke 运营：Yao 封面设计：饭团关于节目原「硅谷早知道」，全新改版后为「What's Next｜科技早知道」。放眼全球，聚焦科技发展，关注商业格局变化。关于我们声动活泼的宗旨是「用声音碰撞世界」，致力于为人们提供源源不断的思考养料。我们还有这些播客：声东击西、声动早咖啡、反潮流俱乐部、泡腾 VC、商业WHY酱欢迎在即刻、微博等社交媒体上与我们互动，搜索声动活泼即可找到我们期待你给我们写邮件，邮箱地址是：[email protected] 如果你喜欢我们的节目，欢迎打赏支持或把我们的节目推荐给一两位朋友欢迎加入声动胡同小社区！也许你知道「声动活泼」办公室在北京二环内的胡同里，事实上我们也有一个线上的「声动胡同小社区」。成为社区会员，你可以收到一周不少于三次的来自「声动小邮筒」的邮件，同时还可以参加我们各种各样的线上和线下活动，或者是一些有趣的游戏。点击这里即可了解社区氛围。我们期待你加入这个虚拟胡同社区来支持我们，并和我们一起亲近交流，和有趣的人进行「碰撞」，收获新知、友谊并看见更大的世界。国内用户（年付）：加入声动胡同小社区海外用户（月付）：加入声动胡同小社区期待你的加入！加入我们声动活泼正在寻找「人才成长和发展负责人」和「商业化负责人/经理」等职位，查看详细讯息请点击链接查看，或者在公号「声动活泼」回复暗号：入场券。简历接收邮箱📮[email protected]。Special Guest: 杨永成.

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How long is this episode of What's Next｜科技早知道?

This episode is 48 minutes long.

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This episode was published on April 27, 2022.

What is this episode about?

芯片为什么困扰全球汽车行业？The Verge 三月中旬报道，福特计划将一些与安全无关的系统从自家生产的汽车上拆除，以便省下每辆汽车所需要装载的芯片，今年计划购车的朋友将有机会亲身体验一把没有后座温度控制的福特探险者。而福特并不是唯一一家饱受车规级芯片短缺的整车厂，像宝马在去年年底就传出部分车型因缺芯而选择不搭载触摸屏的消息。自 2020 年开始，芯片短缺的问题在汽车制造业开始形成共识，包括大众、福特、通用、蔚来、理想在内的众多车企在 2021...

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