S8 Ep1092: Geoffrey Wawro, guest author, explores the Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, which served as a political catalyst for the V

Geoffrey Wawro, guest author, explores the Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, which served as a political catalyst for the Vietnam War. Lyndon Johnson and Robert McNamara sought an incident to galvanize domestic support against conservative critics accusing them of a "no-win" policy. Though the attack was largely concocted or provoked by covert CIA operations, it provided the "blank check" needed from Congress to escalate the conflict. President Johnson initially moved cautiously to avoid Chinese intervention, a fear rooted in the Korean War experience. The shift from an advisory role to direct combat troop commitment began in early 1965, with General Westmoreland taking command as bases were increasingly targeted by the Viet Cong. Ultimately, the war is characterized as a political war of choice driven by high-level politicians rather than existential necessity. The Vietnam War: A Military History (1)