San Diego Police Officers strike Domestic Violence several times - Was it justified? Use of Force expert retired San Diego Police Sergeant Juan Cephas breaks it down.

This remains a hot topic across the nation, as high-profile police shootings involving moving vehicles continue to spark intense legal and public debate. According to experts like Sergeant Juan Cephas, a vehicle is classified as a deadly weapon because its mass and velocity can cause fatal injuries, making it a "lethal instrument" in the hands of a suspect. Consequently, deadly force may be legally justified if an officer reasonably believes a suspect is intentionally using the vehicle to cause death or serious injury. However, the justification for using force against a fleeing vehicle is much narrower, generally requiring proof that the suspect poses an immediate, significant threat to the public. This issue is particularly sensitive when officers are positioned in front of a vehicle; modern training and department policies—including those at the federal level—now strongly emphasize "avoidant behavior," instructing officers to move out of the car's path rather than standing their ground. Courts often scrutinize whether an officer's own tactical choices created the danger, making "pre-shooting conduct" a central factor in determining if the use of force was objectively reasonable. To navigate these high-stakes encounters, law enforcement relies on a use-of-force continuum that starts with verbal commands and presence, moves to intermediate tools like TASERs, and reserves lethal force as a final, unavoidable necessity to protect human life.