Surg: Penile Cancer: Free MSRA Podcast

🎙️ MSRA Podcast: Penile Cancer – Rare but Real🩺 High-yield and often overlooked – this episode covers Penile Cancer from A to Z. A rare malignancy, but one with serious consequences if missed. We’ll take you through the essential revision points you need for your MSRA prep and clinical awareness.🔍 Key Concepts CoveredDefinition• Cancer arising from penile tissues, most commonly squamous cell carcinoma (95%)• Often starts in the skin and may progress to invade deeper structures and lymphaticsCauses & Risk Factors• HPV infection (esp. types 16 & 18)• Poor hygiene, chronic inflammation• Phimosis (tight foreskin)• Smoking, STIs, HIV, PUVA therapy• Age >50, especially in uncircumcised men🧠 Mnemonic: “PHISH” = Phimosis, HPV, Inflammation, Smoking, Hygiene🧪 Pathophysiology & Progression• May begin as precancerous lesions (e.g. Bowen’s disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat)• Can invade urethra, corpora cavernosa, inguinal nodes, and beyond• Lymphatic spread → palpable groin nodes (~20% at diagnosis)• Risk of distant metastasis (lungs, liver, bones)🩺 Clinical Features• Penile lump, ulcer, or non-healing sore• Bleeding, discharge, skin colour/thickness changes• Often starts on the glans or foreskin• Groin swelling if lymph nodes involved🧠 Red flag: persistent penile lesion that doesn't heal → investigate🔬 Differential Diagnoses• Genital warts• Balanitis• STIs (herpes, syphilis)• Lichen planus, sebaceous cysts• Rarely: metastasis from other primary cancers📊 Epidemiology• Very rare in UK/Europe: <1 per 100,000 men/year• Higher in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America• Early-life circumcision = 3–5× reduced risk• ~25% of UK cases occur in men <50 years old🧠 Investigations & Staging• Biopsy – essential for diagnosis• Imaging (MRI, CT) to assess depth and spread• Sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging• TNM classification used:T (tumour), N (node), M (metastasis)💉 Management Overview• Surgical:– Local excision or circumcision (early lesions)– Partial or total penectomy (advanced cases)• Radiotherapy:– External beam or brachytherapy• Chemotherapy:– Cisplatin-based regimens (for advanced/metastatic cases)• Topical treatments for pre-cancer (e.g. 5-FU, imiquimod)• Laser therapy or cryotherapy in some superficial cases• Focus: preserve function when possible• Palliative care in advanced metastatic disease📈 Prognosis & Complications• Overall 5-year survival ~50–80%, improving with early detection• Risk of recurrence, especially if treatment is delayed• Complications:– Lymphatic spread, distant metastases– Urinary/sexual dysfunction– Profound psychological impact🧠 Prevention & Awareness• Early circumcision offers strong protection• Safe sex and HPV vaccination• Smoking cessation• Early medical attention for any persistent lesion or change📚 Penile Cancer MSRA Revision Resources📝 Revision Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/penile-cancer-revision-notes/🃏 Flashcards:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/penile-cancer-flashcards/📖 Accordion Q&A Notes:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/penile-cancer-accordion-qa-notes/🧠 Rapid Quiz:https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/penile-cancer-rapid-quiz/📊 Practice Quiz:https://www.passthemsra.com/quizzes/penile-cancer/💡 Final TakeawayPenile cancer is rare, but potentially devastating. Know the signs, recognise red flags, and understand that early detection saves lives. If it doesn’t heal—get it checked.Explore more at:🌐 https://www.passthemsra.com🌐 https://www.freemssra.com#MSRA #PenileCancer #HPV #MSRARevision #MSRAFlashcards #MSRAAccordions #Urology #RareCancers #PassTheMSRA #MedicalPodcast #TNMStaging #Oncology #DeepDivePodcast